Gender, Masculinity, and Gendered Intimacies

Question 1

Gendered communication (same or different?) (3)

Answer 1

1. Men and women use language differently
2. respond to different types of speech patterns, tone, and pitch.
3. the content of talk differs

Question 2

research suggests different male/female repertoire. Women’s speech is (Esptein, 1986):

Answer 2

more polite, current, proper, weaker, less direct or effective, more emotional and expressive, and use a wider range of pitch and more intonation to express themselves.

Question 3

Non Verbal Gendered Communication

Answer 3

Women show more facial expressions/gaze into men’s eyes, men maintain more personal space

Men initiate touch more with women

Question 4

Deceptive differences

Answer 4

These differences are largely attributed to power, control and dominance rather than sex differences - differences demonstrate cultural norms more than sex differences.

Question 5

Differences demonstrate cultural norms more so than

Answer 5

sex differences

Question 6

Conversations. Women gossip more, speak more abstactly, interactive, & concrete, while…

Answer 6

….men brag more and negotiate conversations for control

Question 7

Gendered Friendships

Answer 7

Women have expressive friendships: close intimate friendships,, more face to face interactions, cover a wider range of topics, holistic friendships

Men have instrumental friendships: centered around activities, few close friends, use jokes and humor to bond, resistant to sharing feelings, less self disclose

Research suggests that this differs across age, race, marital status and membership in the LGBT2S+ community

Question 8

Migliaccio (2014) suggests 3 types of male friendships

Answer 8

1. non-active friendships: limited contact with disconnected but close friends

2a. open-active friendships: emphasis on shared activities was used as a avenue to other connections

2b. closed-active friendships: emphasis of shared interests and activities with few other connections

3. Expressive: high level of sharing & self-disclosure

Question 9

Connell (1995): due to hegemonic masculinity, most men exhibit

Answer 9

a form of masculinity with the desire to be dominant in relationships

Question 10

Eric Anderson notes that there are identity managing techniques for men who display feminine qualities and feminine relationships (4)

Answer 10

1. Devaluing femininity
2. Increasing masculine bravado
3. Expressing homophobia
4. Claiming masculine space within a larger feminine arena

Question 11

Eric Anderson conducted research with a number of groups that usually display hegemonic masculinity, and proposed the idea of

Answer 11

inclusive masculinity which has acceptance of homosexuality, respect for women, & emotional intimacy among males

Question 12

Robinson, Anderson and White: The Bromance (2017)

Answer 12

The sharing of a close friendships between men surpasses their relationships with their female friends

Question 13

Males tend to approach their close relationships with a form of defensive masculinity. How? (3)

Answer 13

• Expressive signaling of heterosexuality
• Hostility expressed to effeminate traits when noted in themselves or other men
• Response to a threat to one’s masculinity

Question 14

Why changes in views of homosexuality? (3)

Answer 14

• Influence of female friends
• Friendship with gay men
• Institutional culture that is supportive of homosexuality

Question 15

reject homophobia include gay peers in friendship networks
are more emotionally intimate with friends
are physically tactile with other men
recognize bisexuality as a legitimate sexual orientation;
embrace activities and artifacts once coded feminine
oppose violence and bullying
recognize the importance of relationships

All these factors make Eric Anderson suggest that…

Answer 15

…hegemonic masculinities is no longer a relevant theoretical explanation of masculinities, particularly for teenage males and young men