Gender is Non-Binary Flashcards
What legal obligations are there regarding reporting child sexual abuse?
Under Section 110 of the Children’s Act, individuals are required to report child sexual abuse. Section 150 outlines the specific areas to report on.
What is the age requirement for consenting to medical examination and surgical procedures?
Children aged 12 are required to consent to medical examination, while for surgical procedures, caregiver assent is necessary.
What are the legal implications of age and consent in sexual activity between minors?
If both children are between 12 and 15 and both consent, it is not considered a crime. However, if one is over 15, there must be a 2-year age gap. There is no period of prescription for rape, meaning accusations can be made after many years.
What is compelled rape, and what are some examples of paraphilias?
Compelled rape occurs when one forces another person to commit rape. Paraphilias are sexual dysfunctions, such as pedophilia, frotteurism, voyeurism, and bestiality.
What are some common forms of denial regarding rape?
Denial can take forms such as claiming “it wasn’t me,” downplaying the severity of the actions, or blaming the victim based on their clothing.
What are some potential consequences for individuals who have experienced abuse?
Individuals who have experienced abuse may suffer from addiction, loss of sexual interest, and other psychological and emotional challenges.
When is gender identity typically established?
Gender identity is typically established when the child is around 3 years of age.
What is gender identity?
Gender identity is a deeply felt sense of being a man, a woman, both, fluid, or neither.
What does it mean to be nonbinary?
Nonbinary individuals identify with both men and women or a gender that is neither.
What is the difference between cisgender and transgender?
Cisgender individuals identify with the sex assigned at birth, while transgender individuals do not.
What factors contribute to biological sex determination?
Biological sex determination is based on sex organs, chromosomes, and hormones, which determine if one is male or female.
What is intersex?
Intersex refers to any mix of male and female chromosomes, sex organs, and other sexual characteristics.
What is gender expression?
Gender expression is expressed through clothing, behavior, and language, and can include androgynous expression, which is a combination of masculine and feminine or nontraditional gender expression.
Is sexual orientation related to gender identity?
No, sexual orientation is not a gender issue; it refers to a person’s attraction to others based on their gender identity.
Gender Identity:
Woman –
Man –
Nonbinary –
Woman – ID with girls or women
Man – ID with boys or men
Nonbinary – ID with both men and women or a gender that is neither
Biological Sex: (3)
Gender Expression:
Feminine:
Feminine – presentation in ways a culture associates with being a woman
Gender Expression:
Masculine:
Masculine – presentation in ways culture associates with being a man
Gender Expression:
Androgynous:
Androgynous – a combination of masculine and feminine traits or nontraditional gender expression
Ethical issues – all gender-conforming groups
- Their differences make them vulnerable
Ethical issues – all gender-conforming groups
- Access to public toilets
Feel uncomfortable to use public toilets, need gender neutral bathrooms
Ethical issues – all gender-conforming groups
- Access to inappropriate healthcare
Ethical issues – all gender-conforming groups
- Attitude and sensitive use of language:
- Experience prejudice and are being mocked, taunted ad excluded
- Prefer to be called gender neutral pronouns
Transgender and Intersex persons
1. Legal status: (3)
Transgender and Intersex persons
- Access to sex reassignment surgery (SRS) in SA:
Transgender and Intersex persons
- Ethical issues around age of transition
What is the prevalence of intersex births?
Around 1 in 2000 births result in genitalia that are atypical enough to determine biological sex.
What genetic factors can lead to intersex variations?
Intersex variations may occur when an XX chromosome individual does not develop female anatomy or when an XY embryo hardly responds to male hormones due to dysfunctional SRY gene.
What is Complete Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome (CAIS)?
CAIS occurs when an XY embryo does not respond to male hormones, resulting in the individual not developing male genitalia.
What are some characteristics of intersex persons?
Intersex persons may have atypical-looking genitalia and a combination of male and female inner organs and/or gonads with both ovarian and testicular tissue.
What example from the Dominican Republic illustrates intersex variations?
In the Dominican Republic, individuals may be born looking like girls but develop into boys at puberty due to an inherited enzyme deficiency.
What are some possible scenarios in intersex births?
Intersex births may involve atypical genitalia where biological sex is unclear or a combination of male and female organs.
Ethical Issues: Intersex Persons:
- Best medical treatment for intersex infants: (2)
Ethical Issues: Intersex Persons:
- “Optimum Gender of Rearing Model”: (4)
Ethical Issues: Intersex Persons:
- The INSA patient centered model :
Ethical Issues: Intersex Persons:
- Chicago consensus model:
Ethical Issues: Intersex Persons:
- South African situation
Ethical Issues: Intersex Persons:
“Normalizing procedures violate the right to physical and mental integrity the right to freedom from torture and _____ abuse, not be subjective to experimentation, must give informed consent and informed choices to the patient and family, the right to _____ and sexual and reproductive rights”
medical
privacy
