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MBBCh 3- Themes > Gender is Non-Binary > Flashcards

Gender is Non-Binary Flashcards

1
Q

What legal obligations are there regarding reporting child sexual abuse?

A

Under Section 110 of the Children’s Act, individuals are required to report child sexual abuse. Section 150 outlines the specific areas to report on.

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2
Q

What is the age requirement for consenting to medical examination and surgical procedures?

A

Children aged 12 are required to consent to medical examination, while for surgical procedures, caregiver assent is necessary.

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3
Q

What are the legal implications of age and consent in sexual activity between minors?

A

If both children are between 12 and 15 and both consent, it is not considered a crime. However, if one is over 15, there must be a 2-year age gap. There is no period of prescription for rape, meaning accusations can be made after many years.

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4
Q

What is compelled rape, and what are some examples of paraphilias?

A

Compelled rape occurs when one forces another person to commit rape. Paraphilias are sexual dysfunctions, such as pedophilia, frotteurism, voyeurism, and bestiality.

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5
Q

What are some common forms of denial regarding rape?

A

Denial can take forms such as claiming “it wasn’t me,” downplaying the severity of the actions, or blaming the victim based on their clothing.

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6
Q

What are some potential consequences for individuals who have experienced abuse?

A

Individuals who have experienced abuse may suffer from addiction, loss of sexual interest, and other psychological and emotional challenges.

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7
Q

When is gender identity typically established?

A

Gender identity is typically established when the child is around 3 years of age.

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8
Q

What is gender identity?

A

Gender identity is a deeply felt sense of being a man, a woman, both, fluid, or neither.

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9
Q

What does it mean to be nonbinary?

A

Nonbinary individuals identify with both men and women or a gender that is neither.

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10
Q

What is the difference between cisgender and transgender?

A

Cisgender individuals identify with the sex assigned at birth, while transgender individuals do not.

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11
Q

What factors contribute to biological sex determination?

A

Biological sex determination is based on sex organs, chromosomes, and hormones, which determine if one is male or female.

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12
Q

What is intersex?

A

Intersex refers to any mix of male and female chromosomes, sex organs, and other sexual characteristics.

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13
Q

What is gender expression?

A

Gender expression is expressed through clothing, behavior, and language, and can include androgynous expression, which is a combination of masculine and feminine or nontraditional gender expression.

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14
Q

Is sexual orientation related to gender identity?

A

No, sexual orientation is not a gender issue; it refers to a person’s attraction to others based on their gender identity.

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15
Q

Gender Identity:

Woman –
Man –
Nonbinary –

A

Woman – ID with girls or women

Man – ID with boys or men

Nonbinary – ID with both men and women or a gender that is neither

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16
Q

Biological Sex: (3)

A
17
Q

Gender Expression:

Feminine:

A

Feminine – presentation in ways a culture associates with being a woman

18
Q

Gender Expression:

Masculine:

A

Masculine – presentation in ways culture associates with being a man

19
Q

Gender Expression:

Androgynous:

A

Androgynous – a combination of masculine and feminine traits or nontraditional gender expression

20
Q

Ethical issues – all gender-conforming groups

  1. Their differences make them vulnerable
A
21
Q

Ethical issues – all gender-conforming groups

  1. Access to public toilets
A

Feel uncomfortable to use public toilets, need gender neutral bathrooms

22
Q

Ethical issues – all gender-conforming groups

  1. Access to inappropriate healthcare
A
23
Q

Ethical issues – all gender-conforming groups

  1. Attitude and sensitive use of language:
A
  • Experience prejudice and are being mocked, taunted ad excluded
  • Prefer to be called gender neutral pronouns
24
Q

Transgender and Intersex persons
1. Legal status: (3)

A
25
Q

Transgender and Intersex persons

  1. Access to sex reassignment surgery (SRS) in SA:
A
26
Q

Transgender and Intersex persons

  1. Ethical issues around age of transition
A
27
Q

What is the prevalence of intersex births?

A

Around 1 in 2000 births result in genitalia that are atypical enough to determine biological sex.

28
Q

What genetic factors can lead to intersex variations?

A

Intersex variations may occur when an XX chromosome individual does not develop female anatomy or when an XY embryo hardly responds to male hormones due to dysfunctional SRY gene.

29
Q

What is Complete Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome (CAIS)?

A

CAIS occurs when an XY embryo does not respond to male hormones, resulting in the individual not developing male genitalia.

30
Q

What are some characteristics of intersex persons?

A

Intersex persons may have atypical-looking genitalia and a combination of male and female inner organs and/or gonads with both ovarian and testicular tissue.

31
Q

What example from the Dominican Republic illustrates intersex variations?

A

In the Dominican Republic, individuals may be born looking like girls but develop into boys at puberty due to an inherited enzyme deficiency.

32
Q

What are some possible scenarios in intersex births?

A

Intersex births may involve atypical genitalia where biological sex is unclear or a combination of male and female organs.

33
Q

Ethical Issues: Intersex Persons:

  1. Best medical treatment for intersex infants: (2)
A
34
Q

Ethical Issues: Intersex Persons:

  1. “Optimum Gender of Rearing Model”: (4)
A
35
Q

Ethical Issues: Intersex Persons:

  1. The INSA patient centered model :
A
36
Q

Ethical Issues: Intersex Persons:

  1. Chicago consensus model:
A
37
Q

Ethical Issues: Intersex Persons:

  1. South African situation
A
38
Q

Ethical Issues: Intersex Persons:

“Normalizing procedures violate the right to physical and mental integrity the right to freedom from torture and _____ abuse, not be subjective to experimentation, must give informed consent and informed choices to the patient and family, the right to _____ and sexual and reproductive rights”

A

medical
privacy

MBBCh 3- Themes (27 decks)

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