Gender (internal factors) Flashcards
What are the two main policies that aim to promote equal opportunities?
GIST (girls into science and technology)
WISE (women into science and engineering)
What did Boaler argue about equal opportunities policies?
They are a key reason for the changes in girls achievement
Many barrier have been removed and schooling has become more meritocratic
Girls who generally work harder than boys and achieve more.
What is argued about positive role models?
Increase in number of female teachers and heads
Women in senior positions may act as role models, showing women can achieve positions of importance
Women teachers play important role for girls as to become a teacher one must have a successful education themselves
Eg. Gina Boswell (body works)
What does Gorad argue about coursework?
Gender gap in achievement was constant from 1975-1989
Increased sharply when GCSES were introduced that involved corsework
What di Mitosi and Browne argue?
Girls are more successful in coursework because they are more conscientious and better organised than boys
Oral exams benefit girls because of their better developed language skills
What do French and French argue about teacher attention?
Boys received more attention because they attracted more concern from teachers
What did Swann argue?
Boys dominate class discussion whereas girls prefer paired work because they are good at turn taking.
What did Weiner argue?
Since the 80s sexist images have been removed meaning it has raised girls imagery of what women can achieve
What did Francis argue?
While boys got more attention, they were punished more harshly and felt picked on
What has marketisation meant for girls?
There is more competitive nature to schools where girls are seen as desirable students
What did Jackson argue about league tables?
Introduction of exam league tables has resulted in higher achieving girls being attractive to schools because they are better equipped to achieve good results.
What did Slee argue?
Boys less attractive to schools because they are more likely to behave badly.
Boys are liability students
Barriers to the school improving its league table position
What did Epstein argue?
Growth of laddish subcultures contributed to boys underachievement
Examined the way masculinity is constructed within a school
Working class boys are likely to be harassed, labelled as sissies and subjected to homophobic verbal abuse if they appear to be swots
Working class subcultures, masculinity is equated with being tough and doing manual work.
Non manual work and by extension school work is seen as effeminate and inferiors
WC boys tend to reject school work to avoid being called gay
How do Liberal feminists view the achievement of girls?
Celebrate progress made
Further progress will be made by continuing development of equal opportunity policies, encouraging positive role models and overcoming sexist stereotypes and attitudes.
How do Radical feminists view achievement of girls?
System remains patriarchal and conveys the clear message that is still a man world.
Eg. Sexual harassment of girls continues in schools
Education is limited in terms f subject choice
