Ethnicity (external factors) Flashcards
What do Bereiter and Engelmann argue?
Many children from low income black families lack intellectual stimulation and enriching experiences.
Leaving them poorly equipped for school because they have not been able to develop reasoning and problem solving skills.
What is argued about the language spoken by low income black families?
inadequate for educational success as it is ungrammatical, disjointed and incapable of expressing abstarct ideas
What is argued about children who do not speak English at home?
They may be held back educationally
Official stats show this is not major factor
Indian children do very well despite not having English as their first language (Gilbourn and Mirza)
What is a major cause of failure amongst black children?
Lack of motivation
Most children are socialised into mainstream culture, which instils ambition, competitiveness and willingness to make sacrifices necessary to achieve.
Some black children are socialised into subculture that insoles a fatalistic attitude which is no useful for educational success
What did Moynihan study and find?
Many black families are headed by a lone mother (matrifocal), their children are deprived of adequate social care because she has to struggle financially in absence of male breadwinner
Fathers absence also means the boys lack adequate role model of male achievement
Sees cultural deprivation as cycle where inadequately socialised children from unable families go on to fail at school and become inadequate parents themselves.
What did Murray argue?
Lack of male role model leads to inadequate socialisation
What did Scruton argue?
Low achievement results from failure to embrace British culture
What does Pryce argue?
Asian pupils achieve higher because their culture is more resistant to racism
Due to differing impact of colonialism on black and asian.
Blacks experienced transportation and slavery which led to loss of language, religion and family system
As a result black pupils have low self esteem and underachievement
Asian languages, family structure remained intact and their culture so gives asian pupils greater sense of self worth
What does Sewell argue about black families?
Not absence of father as role models that leads to black boys under achieving.
Problem is lack of father nurturing
Resulting in black boys finding it hard to overcome the emotional and behaviour difficulties in adolescence
Black boys are subject to powerful educational peer group pressure
Failure to abide will result in being accused of selling out to the white establishment
What does Sewell argue about asian families?
Indian and Chinese pupils benefit from supportive families that have an asian work ethic and place high value on education
What does Lupton argue about asian families?
Adult authority is similar to model that operates in schools
Respectful behaviour towards adults was expected from children
This had a knock on effect in school since parents were more likely to be supportive of school behaviour policies
What did McCulloch survey find?
1600 pupils
Found ethnic minority pupils are more likely to aspire to go to uni
What did Driver argue is a criticism of the cultural deprivation theory?
Ignores positive effects of ethnicity on achievement
What did Lawrence find?
Black pupils don’t underachieve because of weak culture/lack of self esteem but because of racism
What does Keddie argue is a criticism of the cultural deprivation theory?
Victim blaming
Blame culture
Cultural difference not deprivation
Schools are ethnocentric, bias towards white culture.
What were key trends Palmer found about material deprivation?
1/2 ethnic minority children live in low income households compared to 1/4 white children
Ethnic minorities 2x more likely to be unemployed
What are reasons why ethnic minorities are at greater risk of material deprivation?
Many live in economically depressed areas with high unemployment and low wage rates
Lack of language skills not recognised by UK employers
Racial discrimination in the labour marker and housing market
What does MooDoo argue about material deprivation?
Children from low income backgrounds generally did less well
effects of low income were much less for other ethnic groups than for white pupils
What did rex find?
Racism leads to social exclusion and poverty
Racism leads to discrimination within the education system
What did the Swann report find?
Social class differences account for 50% of differences in achievement between ethnic groups
What did Woods et al study?
Racism within the wider society
Sent 3 identical letter to 100 top uK companies but altered between names ‘Evan’ and ‘Patel’
The replied to the white candidates were more helpful and informative
1/16 for EM sounding names and 1/9 for white names
