Gender identities Flashcards
Define sex
Refers to the biological differences between males and females e.g genitals/biological determination.
Define gender
Refers to cultural classification of people as masculine and feminine. Society set down expectations for males and females and people are encouraged to think, feel and act in a manner appropriate to their sex, socially constructed.
Define sexuality
A persons identity in relations to the gender or genders to which they are typically attracted to. Sexual orientation.
Define femininity
Characterustics associated with being a woman which has an affect on female behaviour those characteristics can be changed and negotiated.
Define masculinity
Characteristics associated with being a man which has an effect on masculine behaviour those characteristics can be negotiated and changed.
Define hegemonic femininity
The dominant/traditional style of femininity with characteristics about being passive, suborinate and quiet.
Define hegemonic masculinity
The dominant/traditional style of masculinity which stresses toughness, aggression, breadwinner etc.
Define social constructionism
When something is defined by society built by social processes rather than being natural/inherent/biological.
Define biological determinism
When something is defined by biology, it is natural and a product of genetics.
Define instrumental role
Men as breadwinner and provider.
Define expressive role
The caring role that women take on looking after home and children.
Define patriachy
Male dominated society.
Define lad
Collective, boorish, mysogenistic, behaviour by young hetrosexual men.
Define ladette
A female subculture within school which is often anti education. (jackson 2006).
Define assertive femininity
New wave gints (blackman 1995) lower middle class and working class girls in secondary school. Membership of the group gave them strength. They used their sexuality to challenge the schools male culture.
Define new man
A man who rejects traditional male roles and sexist attitudes, and is instead of caring, sensitive and a man aggrestive
Define crisis of masculinity
The decline of traditional industry in the UK, this is key as previously men showed their masculinity through industrial work which is in its maditve.
Define marginalised masculinity
Men who are not included in the dominant or “hegemonic” masculinity norms and images liike class ethnicty.
Define complicit masculinity
Connel- new men might be said to adopt in taking on a shared role in the family.
Define subordinate masculinity
Men who do not fit into the construction of hegemonic masculinity and are there for treated as lower on the gender heirachy.
Define hyper masculinity
Exaggerated image of hegemonic masculinity, in media emphasises ideals such as physical strength, aggresion.
Define genderquake
Distruption of traditional gender roles and behaviours particullarly in womens participation in the labour market.
Define horizontal segregation
When a particular gender is the majority in a specific industry or sector.
Define vertical segregation
When people are limited in their career progression opportunities due to their gender, race or age.
