GENDER IDENTITIES

Question 1

define gender identities

Answer 1

an individual idenity based on their gender/ sex

Question 2

what does Ann Oakley argue? both

Answer 2

canalisation - which is where boys and girls are given certain toys and activities to promote their gender stereotypes. for example giving girls kitchen sets and baby dolls to function them into the role of becoming a mother and young boys are given building sets and legos which promotes them to become more practical and achieve the breadwinner roles in society.

Question 3

what does Wilson argue? both

Answer 3

looks at the biological view where men have this need to spread their seeds and increase the population whereas women have to nurture and care for their child and be faithful to their husband for the children’s upbringing.

Question 4

what does Parsons argue? both

Answer 4

gender roles are biological due to each gender’s characteristics. women take on the expressive role as they are seen as caring and nurturing whereas men take on the instrumental role which is where they are the breadwinner and protecter. this is implemented through socialisation and these characteristics must be placed because it’s functional for society

Question 5

what does Archer argue? both

Answer 5

mother’s emotional role whereas fathers provide economically through money

Question 6

what does Davis argue? both

Answer 6

Through media and averts it reinforced gender stereotypical characteristics like cooking taking care of children and directing certain products at certain genders.

Question 7

what does Storey argue? boys

Answer 7

boys are socialised into being aggressive through the music they listen for example Eminem’s rap music reinforces dominance, gang culture and violence

Question 8

what does Gaulett argue? boys

Answer 8

sports and media, influence boys on how to behave and dress

Question 9

what does Lees argue? girls

Answer 9

peers control girls through their derogatory language of calling girls sluts or slags when they have too many sexual partners

Question 10

what does Kimmel argue? both

Answer 10

due to fear of being left out, they dont go against the expected norm in attitude for both girls and boys

Question 11

what does Frosh et al argue? boys

Answer 11

Being in school and only focusing on sports and not education makes your social status increase and makes boys look cooler and seen as feminine to study hard

Question 12

what does Mac and Gail argue?boys

Answer 12

male teachers agreed with boys who had sexist views and anti subculture behaviour
and discovered the macho-lads who valued the three F’s which were fucking, football and fighting

Question 13

what does Adkins argue? girls

Answer 13

women use their charm at work to get a better advance by using high pitch voices and heavier makeup to fit around a male-dominated environment

Question 14

what does Connel argue? boys

Answer 14

boys are seen as the breadwinners - hegemonic masculinity

Question 15

name a new type of feminine identity

Answer 15

Ladettes - jacksons = drinking smoking and underachieving in school name taken from the lads which was a study done by Willis on young working-class school boys

Question 16

1. what does Seidler argue? girls
2. what does Blackman argue? girls

Answer 16

1. girls have a double life where inside their house they listen to their brother and father whereas outside they are more dominant and assertive
2. girls have the confidence to challenge sexism and the male culture of the school

Question 17

what does Parker and Lyle argue?

what does Simpson argue?

Answer 17

Men are more feminine and express their emotions and feelings now, as well as do housework and take equal part in raising the children they are a new man

men are more interested in their healthy diets and appearance than before and the media influences this as many celebrities encourage them to take an interest in their appearance

Question 18

what does Connel argue about? Men

Answer 18

crisis in masculinity as new masculinity is emerging and because women are becoming more independent they dont know what their role is in society This is also due to many new types of masculinity emerging.