gender Identiry And Subject Choice

Question 1

Verbal abuse

Answer 1

Connell-boys use verbal abuse such as name calling to put girls down
Paetcher-boys use name calling of girls and effeminate boys to maintain male power and reinforce gender norms

Question 2

Male peer groups (Epstein and Willis+Mac n Ghail)

Answer 2

Epstein and Willis-boys in counter school subcultures see high achieving boys as effeminate 
Mac n Ghail-w/c boys understandin if masculinity is tied with toughness and being macho,they bully any hard working boys.Middle class boys is tied in with effortless achievement and being a real Englishman
However working class boys who go into 6th form change their identity from Mach to real Englishman

Question 3

Male gaze

Answer 3

Is the way in which mean look women up and down seeing them as sexual objects and judging them on looks
Male gaze reinforces boys masculinity by devaluing feminist and helps keep girls in their place

Question 4

Double standards (Lees)

Answer 4

Lees-boys boast about and exaggerate their sexual prowess while girls who are seen as dressing provocatively are labelled as slags
So there is double standard in expectations of boys and irks behaviour

Question 5

Female peer groups(read)

Answer 5

Girls use shaming as a form of social control against each other regulation each other’s identities

Read- found that girls who want to do well at school project a boffin identy which is characterised by a lack of interest in boys or popular culture

Question 6

Socialisation(Norman+Byrne)

Answer 6

Norman-from an early age boys and girls are dressed differently and given different toys.parenrs tend to reward boys for being active and girls for being passive
Byrne-this continues at school where teachers encourage boys o be active and tough while girls are expected to be quiet and helpful

Question 7

Gendered subject images(Jolly)

Answer 7

Different subjects are seen as either boys or girls subjects
Jelly-science=boys because teachers tend to be men textbook use example which appeal to masculine gender domains boys often monopolise equipment

Question 8

Peer pressure

Answer 8

Peer pressure can encourage or discourage students from taking certain subjects e.g boys tend not to choose dram ,dance or music for fear of a negative reaction from their peers.similarly girls tend not to choose sport

Question 9

How do we explain girls underachievement?

Answer 9

Archer eat al-because of differences between w/c girls identities and values promoted by schools girls underachieve.
Wc girls identities are based on theee things:
-hyper sexualised femininity-created through clothing hairstyles and makeup
-boyfriends-having one gains girl symbolic capital form friends but distracts from school work
Being loud-being assertive
These factors gain them symbolic caprak in eyes of peers but brings them into conflict with school so they face a dilemma.Either content to friends expectations and gain symbolic capital from them or gain educational success and rejecting their working class identity

Question 10

Achieving working class girls

Answer 10

Evans studies high achieving working class girls and found girls wanted to go university not for their own benefit but in order to have a high income and help their families because caring is a major part of their identity
As they expected to help out their family they chose universities closer to where hey live limiting their choices and quality of degree
Therefore even wc high achievers are being held back by wc identity