external factors class and achievment

Question 1

list external factors for underachievment

Answer 1

overcrowded living conditions,cold damp living conditions,temporary houses,ill health,emotional breakdown,lack of money

Question 2

What does Douglas say

Answer 2

m/c parents help develop their children’s intellect by reading to them and buying toys that encourage thinking and reasoning skills,this gives m/c children an advantage in education as they are already equipped with reasoning skills

Question 3

What does Bernstein say

Answer 3

there are two speech codes-elaborated and restricted,in which the m/c use elaborated and w/c use restricted code,m/c are at an advantage because the education system and textbooks use the elaborated code

Question 4

what does douglas say about attitudes and values

Answer 4

due to w/c sub cultural views they lack interest in education are less ambitious for their children so take less interest,this is shown through infrequent visits to school.These values are passed onto children leading to underachievement

Question 5

What does Sugarman say?

Answer 5

w/c have 4 subcultural values.Fatalism(no control over life),collectivism(being shelf to friends and family rather han individual success),immediate gratification(seeking rewards now rather than working for long term rewards),and present time orientation(YOLO)

Question 6

What does Keddie say

Answer 6

Myth of cultural deprivation claims w/c children are not culturally deprived but are just culturally different

Question 7

What does Bourdieu say

Answer 7

Cultural capital-passed in from parents to children through socialisation(cultural reproduction)
w/c children lack cultural capital which lead to educational failure,whereas m/c children are at an advantage because they have abilities and knowledge valued at school

Question 8

what does gewritz say

Answer 8

Professional skilled choosers-m/c parents who use their economic educational and cultural capital to get their child to the best schools
Disconnected local choosers-w/c parents who lack education,cultural and economic capital limiting their children options so they end up going to the nearest comprehensive school

Question 9

Cultural deprivation(fern stein)

Answer 9

Mc parents orenting style emphasises discipline and high standards while w/c parents are more harsh and apply discipline inconsistently which prevents their children from learning self control leading to lower motivation at school and problems interacting with teachers

Question 10

Young

Answer 10

M/c parents have the income needed for educational toys and activities such as visits to museums they are more likely to buy books to help their children’s intellect and take them on education trips and holidays

Question 11

Compensatory education is bridging gap between inequalities

Answer 11

Operation head start provides enrichment for most disadvantaged pre school kids to give them a better start to life aiming to improve literacy skills great nursery school places and more

Question 12

What is cultural capital

Answer 12

Knowledge language attitudes values tastes and experiences held by middle class

Question 13

Bourdieu cultural capital

Answer 13

It is passed from parents to children through cultural reproduction giving mc and advantages in education as they have knowledge that is highly valued at school wc lack cultural capital leading to educational failure education system transmits and favours middle class culture