Gender - Girls Achievement Flashcards
Which sex generally perform better academically?
Females
What is the percentage difference of girls achieving more/less than boys in GCSE’s (5A*-C) ?
Girls 10% more likely
What are the 4 external factors affecting girls achievement?
- impact of feminism
- changes in the family
- changes in women’s employment
- girls changing ambitions
What is feminism?
Feminism is a movement that strives for equal rights for women in all areas of life
Challenges traditional stereotypes regarding gender roles
Who did a study of seeing how the impact of feminism affects women’s views? What was it?
McRobbie (1994)
- a study involving a comparison of girls magazines from the 1970s VS. The 1990s - very different expectations of women
How have families changed?
Since the 1970s, there has been several major changes to the family
- increase in divorce rate, cohabitation, lone parent families (headed by females)
- decrease in first marriages
How does changes to the family affect girls view of education?
- single mum acts as a role model for young girls
- inspiration and motivation to work hard in education
What 2 policies have been introduced to change women’s employment?
- equal pay act (1970)
- sex discrimination act (1975)
How has the amount of women in employment changed?
Proportion of women in employment up from 47%(1959) to 70%(2007)
How has the pay gap changed since the equal pay act was introduced?
Pay gap since 1970 between men and women has fallen from 30% to 17%
What does changes in women’s employment affect girls achievement?
Women are breaking through the ‘glass ceiling’ (getting high, too paid jobs) which provides a motive for working hard in school
Who did a study on girls changing ambitions? What was this study? Results?
Sue Sharpe (1994)
- interviewed girls between 1970s and 1990s
- major shift in how girls view their future
- 1970s: girls had lower aspirations- education was unfeminine, priorities were ‘love, marriage, husband, children, jobs, careers’
What are the 6 internal factors affecting girls achievement?
- equal opportunities policies
- positive role models in school
- GCSE and coursework
- teacher attention
- challenging stereotypes in the curriculum
- selection and league tables
How did feminists have an input in the equal opportunities policies?
Feminists ideas were now widely spread in education; basic belief in gender equality (that boys and girls can achieve equally)
-it was now a social norm
What was one of the programmes set up to ensure equal opportunities?
GIST (girls into science and technology)