Gender Bias Flashcards

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1
Q

What is universality

A

Developing ideas and theories that apply to all people despite gender and cultural differences

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2
Q

What is alpha bias

A

An exaggeration or over estimation of differences

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3
Q

How are alpha bias differences perceived

A

As being fixed and inevitable and enduring which causes misunderstanding of one sex making them appear as inferior

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4
Q

In alpha bias who is devalues

A

The females compared to the males

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5
Q

What is freuds theory based on alpha bias

A

Reflects the culture of men , they were seen as powerful and superior he viewed feminist as failed masculinity exaggerated the difference between man and women

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6
Q

What did josselson say

A

Freuds theories of women are inferior as penis envy and status means women cannot go through gender development as well as men do

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7
Q

What is beta bias

A

Ignored minimises and underestimate the differences between men and women in research it happens when male participants are not included in research and finding are applied to females

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8
Q

What is the research on fight or flight hormones

A

Biological research is done on male animals and what is true for males would be true for females howvever it is proven not to be the case as there is tend and befriend

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9
Q

What is androcentrism

A

Consequence of beta bias, when our understanding of what counts as normal behaviour based on research done on males so behaviour that is seen in females which deviates from the standard behaviour in males is seen as abnormal

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10
Q

In androcentrism what happens to female behaviour

A

It is misunderstood pathologists meaning it is taken as a sign of mental disorder

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11
Q

What is example of androcentrism

A

1980 females pms during menstrual cycle the female experience high levels of hormones which cause them to behave in certain way as this behaviour is not seen in males and the women. Behaviour and compared to male standard behaviours the women’s behaviour is seen as abnormal

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12
Q

the implication of gender bias discussion

A

there is far reaching implication for everyday life of women, gender biased research may make false and misleading assumptions about females behaviour failing to challenge negative stereotpes and validate discriminatory practises.

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13
Q

what can gender bias do to women

A

provide scientific justification to deny women oppurtunities in the workplace or wider society it is not just a methodological problem it has damaging consequences which affect the lives of real women therefore steps must be taken to avoid gender biased in theories.

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14
Q

What has consequence led to

A

a consequence of research has often lead to a rise of feminist psychology

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15
Q

What has such research proved

A

Males are not inferior nor are females inferior but they just differ in their psychological behaviours

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16
Q

Why is kohl erc theory and to centric

A

Andocentric as developed theory using male particapnts and applying it to females

17
Q

How did he say men were compared to females

A

He believed that males were more morally correct and and women are less morally developed

18
Q

What did Gillian do

A

She rejected such claims and paved a way for feminist for psychology

19
Q

What did Gillian find and how

A

By drawing up her own research she found that females are more care orientated and males are more justice orientated no one is more morally developed than the others

20
Q

Applicatoon point for future research

A

Awareness of gender bias has lead to guidelines being drawn when researching females and including females within research

21
Q

What three ways should women be studied

A

In a real life setting so there is ecological validity
They should be be allowed to actively take part in research
They should carry out qualitative test
Compare women to women

22
Q

How is research gender biased

A

Research tends to be gender biased with experimenters usually treating the female favourable inflating her score

23
Q

Why is this a weaknessu

A

As it shows the females to perform better than they actually did and made the males seem to perform worse these extraneous variable make cause and effect relationship less valid

24
Q

How should methods exist instead

A

Scientifically standardised giving the same instructions to both genders so we can get true data and understand female behaviour better