Gender Bias Flashcards
What is universality
Developing ideas and theories that apply to all people despite gender and cultural differences
What is alpha bias
An exaggeration or over estimation of differences
How are alpha bias differences perceived
As being fixed and inevitable and enduring which causes misunderstanding of one sex making them appear as inferior
In alpha bias who is devalues
The females compared to the males
What is freuds theory based on alpha bias
Reflects the culture of men , they were seen as powerful and superior he viewed feminist as failed masculinity exaggerated the difference between man and women
What did josselson say
Freuds theories of women are inferior as penis envy and status means women cannot go through gender development as well as men do
What is beta bias
Ignored minimises and underestimate the differences between men and women in research it happens when male participants are not included in research and finding are applied to females
What is the research on fight or flight hormones
Biological research is done on male animals and what is true for males would be true for females howvever it is proven not to be the case as there is tend and befriend
What is androcentrism
Consequence of beta bias, when our understanding of what counts as normal behaviour based on research done on males so behaviour that is seen in females which deviates from the standard behaviour in males is seen as abnormal
In androcentrism what happens to female behaviour
It is misunderstood pathologists meaning it is taken as a sign of mental disorder
What is example of androcentrism
1980 females pms during menstrual cycle the female experience high levels of hormones which cause them to behave in certain way as this behaviour is not seen in males and the women. Behaviour and compared to male standard behaviours the women’s behaviour is seen as abnormal
the implication of gender bias discussion
there is far reaching implication for everyday life of women, gender biased research may make false and misleading assumptions about females behaviour failing to challenge negative stereotpes and validate discriminatory practises.
what can gender bias do to women
provide scientific justification to deny women oppurtunities in the workplace or wider society it is not just a methodological problem it has damaging consequences which affect the lives of real women therefore steps must be taken to avoid gender biased in theories.
What has consequence led to
a consequence of research has often lead to a rise of feminist psychology
What has such research proved
Males are not inferior nor are females inferior but they just differ in their psychological behaviours
Why is kohl erc theory and to centric
Andocentric as developed theory using male particapnts and applying it to females
How did he say men were compared to females
He believed that males were more morally correct and and women are less morally developed
What did Gillian do
She rejected such claims and paved a way for feminist for psychology
What did Gillian find and how
By drawing up her own research she found that females are more care orientated and males are more justice orientated no one is more morally developed than the others
Applicatoon point for future research
Awareness of gender bias has lead to guidelines being drawn when researching females and including females within research
What three ways should women be studied
In a real life setting so there is ecological validity
They should be be allowed to actively take part in research
They should carry out qualitative test
Compare women to women
How is research gender biased
Research tends to be gender biased with experimenters usually treating the female favourable inflating her score
Why is this a weaknessu
As it shows the females to perform better than they actually did and made the males seem to perform worse these extraneous variable make cause and effect relationship less valid
How should methods exist instead
Scientifically standardised giving the same instructions to both genders so we can get true data and understand female behaviour better
