Gender Flashcards
Overt
Using standard English
Gives someone prestige in respectable society
Women more than men
Covert
Non standard English
Prestige rebellious and independent
Men more than women
Marked term
Reveal someone’s gender e.g. Policeman wife
Unmarked term
Don’t reveal someone’s gender
E.g. Police officer, spouse, partner
Suffix
Some words marked by feminism suffix
Implies male version is the original & norm = superior
E.g. Actress, comedienne
Generic term
Marked term refers to both women and men
Usually masculine term ‘man,mankind’
Represents people in general
Negative semantic space
Terms ignoring women
Everyone assumes noun doctor is male
Lexical asymmetry
Pairs of words, similar meaning but arn’t equally balanced
E.g. Bachelor and spinster
Same denotation
Different connotations
Dale spender 1980
Her book man made language
Males are superior
Syntax - when one gender placed before another = Mr, Mrs & men and women, husband and wife
Males have more power in society, more power than women
Hoey 2005 lexical priming
Extent to which gender in embedded in our language
Adjective good = collocation of noun girl
Adjective bad = collocation of noun boy
Semantic derogation
Meaning of a word becomes more negative overtime
E.g spinster
George Keith & john Shuttleworth
Women talk more than men, talk too much, super polite
Men swear more, don’t ask about emotions, talk about sport
Etc