gender Flashcards
Billington - Masculinity and Femininity (traditional)
Roles taken on by sexes in the media:
Women- subordinate, submissive, passive. Eg disney princesses.
Men- dominant, aggressive. Eg superheroes.
Milestone and Meyer - Masculinity and Femininity (traditional)
Dominant ideas of essential gender differences and ideological representations of the genders continue to reinforce differences.
Gauntlett - Masculinity and Femininity (traditional)
Traditionally, lead roles where they were clever and resourceful would be given to men, the women would be love interests and ‘helpers’.
Easthorpe - Masculinity (traditional)
Media transmits the view that masculinity based on strength, aggression, competition and violence is biologically determined and is therefore a natural goal for boys to achieve.
Tunstall - Femininity (traditional)
Media emphasises women’s domestic, sexual, consumer and marital activities and excludes all else, ignoring the fact that a majority of British women go out to work.
Tuchman - Femininity (traditional)
Narrow range of roles for women lead to their ‘symbolic annihilation’ in the media, it condemns certain groups that are not socially valued (such as women). Eg Ferguson’s ‘cult of femininity’
Ferguson - Femininity (traditional)
Cult of Femininity - Content analysis of women’s magazines found that women are shown to be attractive, good wives and mothers in order to get social status.
Glascock - Femininity (traditional)
Males are more physically aggressive, females are more verbally aggressive. These differences were found behind the camera where males predominate and which was found related to on-camera demographics.
Gauntlett - Masculinity and Femininity (changing)
Despite male characters often being heroes, they now have a more sensitive, thoughtful and caring side, the women have become tougher. Young audiences are more open to having a female as well as a male lead character in films.
Hollywood films support his findings: Fantastic Four, Charlie’s Angels, Tomb Raider and Knocked Up.
Easthorpe - Masculinity (changing)
The 1980s saw the emergence of a new breed of glossy magazines aimed at middle class young men. They are: emotionally vulnerable, more in touch with feminine sides, treat women as equal, care more about their appearance and see fatherhood as a worthwhile experience.
Nixon - Masculinity (changing)
Advert ‘laundrette’ showed a male model stripping to his underwear, sexualising him and showing him doing washing, usually associated with women. Shows men in a more feminine way by showing they can care about their appearance whilst still being accepted or seen as ‘cool’. Women were attracted to him and men wanted to be him.
Mort - Masculinity (changing)
Complicit masculinity - Fashionable toiletries and clothing being marketed towards men as well as the main body and showing men they can take care of their appearance too.
Whannel - Masculinity (changing)
David Beckham’s masculinity is fluid. Traditional ‘Real Man’: good looks, football skills, competitive spirit, commitment. Meterosexuality: emotional commitment to his family, spends time, effort and money on his image.
Westwood - Femininity (changing)
Transgressive female roles - Females are now presented as breaking gender roles, this includes empowering women, such as drinking, being sexually promiscuous, confident. Eg, Killing Eve, Doctor Who.
Glascock - Femininity (changing)
Now a range of femininities are portrayed in the media such as the ‘independent woman’. Eg, Tomb Raider, Hunger Games.
