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midterms reviewer > genchem > Flashcards

genchem Flashcards

1
Q

is the scientific study of the properties and behavior of MATTER

A

chemistry

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2
Q

anything that occupies space and has mass

A

matter

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3
Q

amount or quantity of matter

A

mass

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4
Q

amount of space occupied

A

volume

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5
Q

greek word of atom and its meaning and who proposed it

A

“atomos” means “cannot be divided” and proposed by democritus

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6
Q

types and amounts of atoms that make up a sample of matter

A

composition

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7
Q

characteristics that give each substance a unique identity

A

properties

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8
Q

can be observed or measured without changing the identity or composition of the substance
-colour
-size
-physical state (solid, liquid, or gas)
-density

A

physical property

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9
Q

depends on the amount of matter in sample - e.g. mass, volume, length

A

extensive

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10
Q

depends on the type of matter - e.g. hardness, density, boiling point

A

intrusive

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11
Q

ability of a substance to undergo a chemical reaction

A

chemical property

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12
Q

phase of matter that
-holds shape
-fixed volume
-very rigid
-most dense
-can’t be compressed

A

solid

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13
Q

phase of matter that is
-less dense
-less rigid
-has a volume
-can’t be compressed
-takes form on it’s container

A

liquid

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14
Q

phase of matter that is
-least rigid
-can’t be compressed
-least dense
-takes form on it’s container

A

gas

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15
Q

state of matter that is
visible to the naked eye

A

macroscopic

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16
Q

state of matter that is
visible only with microscope

A

microscopic

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17
Q

when a substance alters its state (phase change), but does not change its chemical composition

A

physical property

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18
Q

when a substance is converted into a new or different substance

A

chemical property

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19
Q

every pure substance has exactly the same characteristics, properties, and composition. it can be classified as element or compound

A

pure

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20
Q

-simplest form of matter
-consists only one kind of atom
-building blocks for other substances

A

element

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21
Q

-consists of two or more elements chemically bonded
-composed of the same elements, in the same proportion by mass
-represented by formula

A

compound

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22
Q

combination of two or more substances

A

mixture

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23
Q

a mixture in which the composition throughout is uniform

A

homogeneous

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24
Q

the composition is not uniform

A

heterogenous

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25
Q

used to separate two different states of matter such as liquid and solid

A

separation techniques

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26
Q

a method that converts a mixture or solution of chemical substances into two or more distinct product mixtures

A

separation process

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27
Q

used to separate our homogeneous mixtures

A

evaporation

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28
Q

used to separate solids from liquids

A

filtration

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29
Q

a process of determining the extent of dimensions, quantity, or extent of something

A

measurement

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30
Q

most convenient system of units

A

international system of units (SI)

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31
Q

a measured quantity contains some digits that are exactly known and one digit that is estimated

A

uncertainty in measurement

32
Q

is the uncertainty that arises from a scale reading which results from the uncontrolled variables in the measurement

A

random error (indeterminate error)

33
Q

is the uncertainty that may come from a flaw in the equipment used or design of an experiment

A

systematic error (determinate error)

34
Q

the consistency of a result. if you measures a quantity several times and the values agrees closely with one another, then your measurement is precise

A

precision

35
Q

is determined when a certain quantitative value is relatively close to the “true value”

A

accuracy

36
Q

it is a simple way to write or keep track of very large or very small numbers without having to deal w/ a lot of zeros

A

scientific notation

37
Q

are the digits in any measurement that are known certainty with an additional one digit which is uncertain

A

significant figures

38
Q

is one of the common measurements done in the laboratory

A

density measurement

39
Q

the volume formula for the particular shaped is used

A

regularly shaped-solids

40
Q

the water displacement method is used

A

irregularly shaped

41
Q

tells how hot or cold an object is

A

temperature

42
Q

the ratio of the mass of an object to the volume it occupies

A

density

43
Q

father of chemistry

A

antoine lavoisier

44
Q

during chemical reaction, atoms are neither created nor destroyed. the numbers of atoms remains constant throughout the reaction. the mass must remain constant as well

A

laws of conversation of mass

45
Q

who proposed the law of conservation of mass?

A

antoine lavoisier

46
Q

who proposed the law of constant composition

A

joseph proust

47
Q

states that a given chemical compound always contains its component elements in fixed ratio (by mass) and does not depend on its source and method of preparation

A

law of constant composition

48
Q

who proposed law of multiple proportion

A

john dalton

49
Q

whenever the same two elements form more than one compound, the different masses of one element combine with the same mass of the other element are in the ratio of small whole numbers

A

law of multiple proportion

50
Q

an english physicist who discovered neutrons

A

james chadwick

51
Q

who discovered proton

A

ernest rutherford

52
Q

IDENTIFY WHOSE ATOMIC MODEL:

-solid sphere
-atoms are small, invisible
-can’t be divided, created, destroyed
-an element = identical
-different elements = different properties
-atoms of different elements combine to form compounds

A

john dalton atomic model

53
Q

-plum pudding model
-speculated that the atom is made up of even smaller particles
-explain the neutrality of an atom
-cathode ray experiment

A

j.j thomson’s plum pudding model

54
Q

-nucleus - the center of the atom
-atoms are mainly empty pace
-positive charge is concentrated at the center of atom, the nucleus
-electrons move around the nucleus

A

ernest rutherford nuclear model

55
Q

-electrons orbit the nucleus
-the orbit have specific size and energy
-the energy is related to it size
-the lowest energy is found in the smallest orbit
-electrons can move between each shell when gaining or losing energy

A

niels bohr’s planetary model

56
Q

-electrons move around the nucleus in ‘a cloud’ not ‘orbits’
-orbital helps us predict the area where we can find electrons
-the closer position to the nucleus, the higher chance to find electrons

A

erwin schrodinger quantum mechanical model

57
Q

solid sphere model

A

john dalton

58
Q

plum pudding model

A

j.j thomson

59
Q

nuclear model

A

ernest rutherford

60
Q

planetary model

A

niels bohr

61
Q

quantum mechanical model

A

erwin schrodinger

62
Q

equivalent to the number of protons and neutrons in an atom

A

atomic mass

63
Q

equal to the number of protons

A

atomic number

64
Q

atoms of the same element having the same numbers of protons but different numbers of neutrons

A

isotope

65
Q

metals are positive ions

A

cations

66
Q

non-metals are negative ions

A

canions

67
Q

(IONIC)

the charge on the metal ions follows the name of the metal in roman numerals in parenthesis

A

stock method

68
Q

(IONIC)

preferred method of naming

A

stock method

69
Q

(IONIC)

-involves using latin root names of the metal
-use OUS for the higher charge, IC for lower

A

classical method

70
Q

uses mono, di, tri, tetra, etc. and an IDE ending

A

naming of covalent compound

71
Q

the calculation of product and reactants in a chemical RxN

A

stoichiometry

72
Q

greek words for stoichiometry and its meaning

A

stoichio - elements
metry - measurements

73
Q

number of molecules that participate in the RxN

A

coefficient

74
Q

number of atoms in an element

A

subscript

75
Q

combination of 2 non-metal

A

covalent compound

76
Q

combination of metal and non-metal

A

ionic compound

midterms reviewer (9 decks)

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