GenBio_1-2

Question 1

refers to the gradual process of change and deveopment of living organisms over time

Answer 1

evolution

Question 2

1795 theory of geological change; forces change earth’s surface shape; changes are slow; earth much older than thousands of years

Answer 2

James Hutton

Question 3

Book: Principles of Geography
Geographical features can be built up or torn down.
Uniformitarianism was “the present is the key to the past”
Darwin thought if earth did change over time, what about life?

Answer 3

Charles Lyell

Question 4

Tendency toward perfection

Answer 4

birds using forearm

Question 5

Use and disuse

Answer 5

Giraffe necks

Question 6

Tendency toward perfection (birds using forearm)
Use and disuse (giraffe necks)
Inheritance of acquired traits

Answer 6

Jean Baptist Lamarck’s Theory of Evolution

Question 7

First articulated theory of evolution:

1.Organisms continually arise by
_________________ ____________.
2.Organisms develop ___________ to changing
environment through the ______ and ________ of
organs.
3. Acquired characteristics are ________.

Answer 7

spontaenous generation
adapatation; use and disuse
inherited

Question 8

problems with lamarck’s ideas

1. There is no evidence of ___________ __________.
2. There is no evidence of an _____ ________
   toward complexity.
3. There is no evidence of ________ of
   acquired characteristics.

Answer 8

spontaneous generation
innate drive
inheritance

Question 9

19th century English economist
If population grew (more babies born than die)
then, insufficient living space and food runs out

darwin applied this theory to animals

Answer 9

thomas malthus

Question 10

Evolution, or change over time, is the process by which modern organisms have descended from ancient organisms

Answer 10

Darwin’s Theory of Evolution

Question 11

Voyage of _____ _________?

Answer 11

The Beagle

Question 12

date of voyage of the beagle?
who’s the captain?
what was their ship?

Answer 12

February 12, 1831
captained by charles darwin
sailing with H.M.S beagle

Question 13

what was the destination of hms beagle?

Answer 13

voyage around the world

Question 14

how long did the voyage of the beagle take?

Answer 14

5 years

Question 15

what was the findings of the voyage beagle?

Answer 15

a revolutionary hypothesis how life changes over time

Question 16

the _______ island

Answer 16

galaspagos

Question 17

smallest, lowest islands where hot, dry, and nearly barron, and has a sparse vegatation

Answer 17

hood island

Question 18

higher islands had a greater rainfall, a rich vegetation, and a different assortment of plants and animals

Answer 18

isabela

Question 19

Darwin was fascinated in particular by the __________
and __________ in the Galápagos.

• _______ varied in predictable ways from one
  island to another.
• The ______ of a tortoise’s shell could be used to identify
  which island a particular tortoise inhabited.

Answer 19

land tortoises and marine iguanas
giant tortoises
shape

Question 20

intermediate shell

Answer 20

pinta island

Question 21

dome-shaped shell

Answer 21

isabela

Question 22

saddle-backed shell

Answer 22

hood island

Question 23

what are the four example animals found in galaspagos?

Answer 23

land tortoises
blue-footed booby
marine iguanas
finches

Question 24

*Darwin Observed that characteristics of
many plants and animals __ _____
among the islands

Answer 24

vary greatly

Question 25

hypothesis of the journey home

Answer 25

separate species may have arisen from an original ancestor

Question 26

He wrote an essay summarizing evolutionary change from his field work in Malaysia

Answer 26

Russel Wallace

Question 27

He gave Darwin the drive to publish his own findings

Answer 27

Russel Wallace

Question 28

Russel Wallace wrote an essay about ______ _______ from his field work in ________?

Answer 28

Evolutionary change
Malaysia

Question 29

what is the name of Darwin’s scientific literature?

Answer 29

On the Origin of Species

Question 30

Over time, _____ _________ results in changes in inherited characteristics of a population. These changes increase a species ________ in its environment.

Answer 30

natural selection; fitness

Question 31

differences among individuals of a species

Answer 31

natural variation

Question 32

nature provides the variation among different organisms, humans then select those variations they find useful.

Answer 32

artificial selection

Question 33

members of each species must compete for food, shelter, and other life necessities

Answer 33

struggle for existence

Question 34

some individuals better suited for the environment

Answer 34

survival of the fittest

Question 35

Patterns of Diversity

• Darwin visited ______ and _______ which had similar
  _________ ecosystems.

*those __________ were inhabited by very different
animals.

• neither_______ nor _______was home to the sorts
  of animals that lived in _______ grasslands.

Answer 35

argentina and australia; grassland ecosystems

grasslands

agentina nor australia; european

Question 36

Living Organisms and Fossils

• Darwin collected the preserved remains of ancient
  organisms, called _______.
• Some of those fossils ______ organisms that
  were still alive today.

Answer 36

fossils; resembled

Question 37

Each living organism has
descended, with changes from
other species over time.

Answer 37

descent modification

Question 38

were derived from common ancestors

Answer 38

common descent

Question 39

what are the four evidences of evolution?

Answer 39

fossil record
geographic distribution of living things
homologous body structures
simlarities in early embryonic development

Question 40

The layer that show
change.
❑Show extinct species.
❑Show relationships
between ______ and
ancient organisms.

Answer 40

fossil records; current

Question 41

structures that have different
mature forms in different
organisms, but develop from
the same embryonic tissue

Answer 41

homologous structures

Question 42

same structure but different function

Answer 42

homologous

Question 43

different structure but same function

Answer 43

analogous

Question 44

organs that serve no use of the organism anymore

Answer 44

vestigial organs

Question 45

appendix, miniature legs, arms, wisdom tooth

Answer 45

vestigial organs

Question 46

Pattern of meiosis
(gametes) → fertilization
→ mitosis (adults)

Answer 46

similarities in early development