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General Psychology > Gen Psych Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Gen Psych Chapter 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are sensory neurons?

A

Receive sensory info form the environment and sends it to the brain.

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2
Q

What are motor neurons?

A

Transmits motor commands from brain to the muscles.

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3
Q

What are Inter-neurons?

A

Connects to sensory, motor, and other neurons.

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4
Q

What are the names of the three parts of a neuron?

A

Dendrite, axon, and cell body.

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5
Q

What does a dendrite do?

A

Receivers detect info from other neurons and “decides” to pass the info along.

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6
Q

What is a cell body?

A

Central processor, and contains nucleus, and collects and integrates info.

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7
Q

What does the axon do?

A

They are transmitters and sends info into other neurons, muscles, and glands.

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8
Q

What is the myelin sheath?

A

It is the fatty material that insulates the axon.

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9
Q

What is synapse?

A

The space between neurons that chemicals must cross to reach neighboring cells.

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10
Q

What is resting potential?

A

The difference in the electric charge between the inside and the outside of a neuron’s cell membrane.

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11
Q

What is action potential?

A

An electric signal that is conducted along the length of a neuron’s axon to a synapse.

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12
Q

What are terminal buttons?

A

They are knoblike structures that branch out from an axon. They are filled with neurotransmitters that are chemicals that transmit info across the synapse to a receiving neuron’s dendrites.

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13
Q

What is a pre-synaptic neuron?

A

This is the sending neuron.

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14
Q

What are post-synaptic neuron?

A

They are the receiving neuron.

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15
Q

What is an excitatory neurotransmitter?

A

This makes the post-synaptic most likely to fire.

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16
Q

What is an inhalaitory neurotransmitter?

A

This makes the post-synaptic neuron less likely to fire.

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17
Q

What is reuptake?

A

This is when neurotransmitters are reabsorbed by pre-synaptic terminal buttons.

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18
Q

What is Enzyme Deactivation?

A

This is the process where enzyme’s function is to destroy excess NT’s in synapse.

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19
Q

What is electrical and chemical neurons?

A

Communication within a neuron is electrical, but comm between neurons is chemical.

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20
Q

What is the rule of neural firing?

A

All or none.

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21
Q

The peripheral system has two main systems, what are they called?

A

Automatic and Somatic

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22
Q

What does the automatic system do?

A

This regulates the organs and glands.

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23
Q

What does the sympathetic system do?

A

Fight or flight

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24
Q

What does the parasympathetic system do?

A

Rest and digest

25
Q

What are spinal reflexes?

A

Simple pathways in the nervous system that rapidly generate muscle contractions.

26
Q

What is the reflex arc?

A

A neural pathway that controls reflex actions.

27
Q

What does the higher brain do?

A

Evolutionary recent, and completes complex functions.

28
Q

What does the lower brain do?

A

This part of the brain is ancient and performs simpler functions.

29
Q

What are the principals of the structure of the brain?

A

(1) Hierarchical organization, (2) Localization of function.

30
Q

What is the hindbrain?

A

Keeps an organism alive even without other parts of the brain.

31
Q

What is the Cerebellum?

A

This controls motor skills, balance, and coordination.

32
Q

What are pons (bridges)?

A

This relays info from the cerebellum to the forebrain and also contributes to sleeping and dreaming.

33
Q

What is the midbrain?

A

Involves pleasure and reward.

34
Q

What is a tectum?

A

Orients an organism to its environment.

35
Q

What is a Tegmentum?

A

It controls movement, arousal and reward.

36
Q

What is the forebrain?

A

Controls complex functions and emotional functions, and perception.

37
Q

What is the Thalamus?

A

This is the sensory switchboard.

38
Q

What is the pituitary gland?

A

This is the master gland of “hormone” system.

39
Q

What is the limbic system?

A

Groups of structures in the forebrain involved in motivation, emotion, memory.

40
Q

What does the Hypothalamus do?

A

Fighting, Fleeing, Feeding, and Fucking

41
Q

What does the Hippocampus do?

A

This converts short-term hormones into long-term hormones.

42
Q

What does the amygdala do?

A

Controls emotion, and emotional significance.

43
Q

What does the thalamus do?

A

This relays and and filters information from the senses and transmits the info to the cerebral cortex.

44
Q

What does the basal ganglia do?

A

This is a set of subcortical structures that directs intentional movements and plays a role in reward processing.

45
Q

What is central lateral control?

A

Each hemisphere of the brain controls the opposite side of the body.

46
Q

What is the corpus callosum?

A

This is the bridge of nerve fibers that connects the hemispheres.

47
Q

What is the occipital lobe?

A

Processes visual info.

48
Q

What is the parietal lobe?

A

Processes touch.

49
Q

What is the frontal lobe?

A

Abstract thinking, planning, and judgement.

50
Q

What is the temporal lobe?

A

Processing sounds, object and facial recognition.

51
Q

What is Broca’s Area?

A

This is language production.

52
Q

What is Wernickers Area?

A

This is language comprehension.

53
Q

What is neural plasticity?

A

This means that younger brains are more flexible than older brains. You’re more likely to recover from a brain injury if you are young.

54
Q

What are association areas?

A

They are composed of neurons that help provide sense and meaning to information registered in the cortex.

55
Q

What are chromosones?

A

Strands of DNA wound around each other in the double helix model.

56
Q

What are epigenetic marks?

A

Chemical modifications to DNA can turn genes on and off.

57
Q

What is DNA methylation?

A

This involves adding methyl group to DNA.

58
Q

What is histone modification?

A

This involves adding chemical modifications to proteins called histones that are involved in packagaing DNA.

59
Q

What is Heritability?

A

This is a measure of the variability of behavioral traits among individuals that can be accounted for by genetic factors.

General Psychology (11 decks)

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