Gen Psych Chapter 3

Question 1

What are sensory neurons?

Answer 1

Receive sensory info form the environment and sends it to the brain.

Question 2

What are motor neurons?

Answer 2

Transmits motor commands from brain to the muscles.

Question 3

What are Inter-neurons?

Answer 3

Connects to sensory, motor, and other neurons.

Question 4

What are the names of the three parts of a neuron?

Answer 4

Dendrite, axon, and cell body.

Question 5

What does a dendrite do?

Answer 5

Receivers detect info from other neurons and “decides” to pass the info along.

Question 6

What is a cell body?

Answer 6

Central processor, and contains nucleus, and collects and integrates info.

Question 7

What does the axon do?

Answer 7

They are transmitters and sends info into other neurons, muscles, and glands.

Question 8

What is the myelin sheath?

Answer 8

It is the fatty material that insulates the axon.

Question 9

What is synapse?

Answer 9

The space between neurons that chemicals must cross to reach neighboring cells.

Question 10

What is resting potential?

Answer 10

The difference in the electric charge between the inside and the outside of a neuron’s cell membrane.

Question 11

What is action potential?

Answer 11

An electric signal that is conducted along the length of a neuron’s axon to a synapse.

Question 12

What are terminal buttons?

Answer 12

They are knoblike structures that branch out from an axon. They are filled with neurotransmitters that are chemicals that transmit info across the synapse to a receiving neuron’s dendrites.

Question 13

What is a pre-synaptic neuron?

Answer 13

This is the sending neuron.

Question 14

What are post-synaptic neuron?

Answer 14

They are the receiving neuron.

Question 15

What is an excitatory neurotransmitter?

Answer 15

This makes the post-synaptic most likely to fire.

Question 16

What is an inhalaitory neurotransmitter?

Answer 16

This makes the post-synaptic neuron less likely to fire.

Question 17

What is reuptake?

Answer 17

This is when neurotransmitters are reabsorbed by pre-synaptic terminal buttons.

Question 18

What is Enzyme Deactivation?

Answer 18

This is the process where enzyme’s function is to destroy excess NT’s in synapse.

Question 19

What is electrical and chemical neurons?

Answer 19

Communication within a neuron is electrical, but comm between neurons is chemical.

Question 20

What is the rule of neural firing?

Answer 20

All or none.

Question 21

The peripheral system has two main systems, what are they called?

Answer 21

Automatic and Somatic

Question 22

What does the automatic system do?

Answer 22

This regulates the organs and glands.

Question 23

What does the sympathetic system do?

Answer 23

Fight or flight

Question 24

What does the parasympathetic system do?

Answer 24

Rest and digest

Question 25

What are spinal reflexes?

Answer 25

Simple pathways in the nervous system that rapidly generate muscle contractions.

Question 26

What is the reflex arc?

Answer 26

A neural pathway that controls reflex actions.

Question 27

What does the higher brain do?

Answer 27

Evolutionary recent, and completes complex functions.

Question 28

What does the lower brain do?

Answer 28

This part of the brain is ancient and performs simpler functions.

Question 29

What are the principals of the structure of the brain?

Answer 29

(1) Hierarchical organization, (2) Localization of function.

Question 30

What is the hindbrain?

Answer 30

Keeps an organism alive even without other parts of the brain.

Question 31

What is the Cerebellum?

Answer 31

This controls motor skills, balance, and coordination.

Question 32

What are pons (bridges)?

Answer 32

This relays info from the cerebellum to the forebrain and also contributes to sleeping and dreaming.

Question 33

What is the midbrain?

Answer 33

Involves pleasure and reward.

Question 34

What is a tectum?

Answer 34

Orients an organism to its environment.

Question 35

What is a Tegmentum?

Answer 35

It controls movement, arousal and reward.

Question 36

What is the forebrain?

Answer 36

Controls complex functions and emotional functions, and perception.

Question 37

What is the Thalamus?

Answer 37

This is the sensory switchboard.

Question 38

What is the pituitary gland?

Answer 38

This is the master gland of "hormone" system.

Question 39

What is the limbic system?

Answer 39

Groups of structures in the forebrain involved in motivation, emotion, memory.

Question 40

What does the Hypothalamus do?

Answer 40

Fighting, Fleeing, Feeding, and Fucking

Question 41

What does the Hippocampus do?

Answer 41

This converts short-term hormones into long-term hormones.

Question 42

What does the amygdala do?

Answer 42

Controls emotion, and emotional significance.

Question 43

What does the thalamus do?

Answer 43

This relays and and filters information from the senses and transmits the info to the cerebral cortex.

Question 44

What does the basal ganglia do?

Answer 44

This is a set of subcortical structures that directs intentional movements and plays a role in reward processing.

Question 45

What is central lateral control?

Answer 45

Each hemisphere of the brain controls the opposite side of the body.

Question 46

What is the corpus callosum?

Answer 46

This is the bridge of nerve fibers that connects the hemispheres.

Question 47

What is the occipital lobe?

Answer 47

Processes visual info.

Question 48

What is the parietal lobe?

Answer 48

Processes touch.

Question 49

What is the frontal lobe?

Answer 49

Abstract thinking, planning, and judgement.

Question 50

What is the temporal lobe?

Answer 50

Processing sounds, object and facial recognition.

Question 51

What is Broca's Area?

Answer 51

This is language production.

Question 52

What is Wernickers Area?

Answer 52

This is language comprehension.

Question 53

What is neural plasticity?

Answer 53

This means that younger brains are more flexible than older brains. You're more likely to recover from a brain injury if you are young.

Question 54

What are association areas?

Answer 54

They are composed of neurons that help provide sense and meaning to information registered in the cortex.

Question 55

What are chromosones?

Answer 55

Strands of DNA wound around each other in the double helix model.

Question 56

What are epigenetic marks?

Answer 56

Chemical modifications to DNA can turn genes on and off.

Question 57

What is DNA methylation?

Answer 57

This involves adding methyl group to DNA.

Question 58

What is histone modification?

Answer 58

This involves adding chemical modifications to proteins called histones that are involved in packagaing DNA.

Question 59

What is Heritability?

Answer 59

This is a measure of the variability of behavioral traits among individuals that can be accounted for by genetic factors.