gen-chem 1st quart Flashcards

1
Q

The emergence of chemistry as a discipline of science began with..

A

Anglo-Irish philosopher ROBERT BOYLE

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2
Q

Robert Boyle published this a discipline of science in 1661

A

The Sceptical Chymist

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3
Q

Robert Boyle defined it as the simplest composition of matter that cannot be broken down further by any chemical means

A

element

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4
Q

Robert Boyle suggested that atoms of elements combine to form different..

A

compounds

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5
Q

The interest on the concept of elements and compounds heightened when _______ isolated oxygen gas

A

Joseph Priestley

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6
Q

Priestly called oxygen gas as

A

dephlogisticated air

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7
Q

He formulated the “law of conservation of mass”

A

Antoine-Laurent Lavoisier

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8
Q

States that a chemical reaction, the mass of the substances produced is equal to the mass of the substances reacted

A

Law of conservation of mass

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9
Q

It is the foundation for stoichiometric calculations

A

Law of conservation of mass

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10
Q

Known as the father of modern chemistry

A

Antoine Lavoisier

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11
Q

He established the law of definite proportions

A

Joseph-Louise Proust

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12
Q

The law of definite proportions is also called as

A

the law of definite composition

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13
Q

States that any sample of a given compound will always be composed of the same elements in the same proportion by mass

A

The law of definite proportions

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14
Q

He proposed the law of multiple proportions

A

John Dalton

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15
Q

This fundamental law states that for elements that can form different compounds, the masses of the second element that can combine with a fixed mass of the first element are in a ratio of small whole numbers.

A

The law of multiple proportions

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16
Q

John Dalton proposed an atomic theory of matter that can explain chemical observations as predicted by the three fundamental laws

A

A New System of Chemical Philosophy

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17
Q

He discovered the “electron” while studying the nature of cathode rays

A

Joseph John Thomson

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18
Q

Cathode rays in an evacuated tube

A

cathode ray tube (CRT)

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19
Q

are deflected by a negatively charged plate and attracted by a positively charged plate as if the rays consisted of negatively charged particles

A

cathode ray tube (CRT)

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20
Q

A German physicist who discovered X-ray

A

Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen

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21
Q

A French physicist who discovered radioactivity of uranium

A

Henri Becquerel

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22
Q

A British physicist who discovered and described the alpha and beta rays as positively and negatively charged radiations

A

Ernest Rutherford

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23
Q

Rutherford discovered the proton in

24
Q

Who discovered protons

A

Rutherford

25
Rutherford's co-researcher who discovered the other type of particle in the nucleus: [who & what]
James Chadwick; Neutrons
26
The nucleus at the center consists of protons and neutrons, collectively known as..
Nucleons
27
Represents the number of protons in its nucleus
Atomic number
28
Indicates the total number of protons and neutrons; it is an estimate of the element's atomic mass
Mass number
29
They have different mass numbers but the same atomic number; Follow the same configuration for elements
Isotopes
30
Principal fuels for nuclear reactors
Uranium isotopes
31
Naturally occurring uranium percentages are reffered to as
Isotopic abundances
32
when a neutral atom gains or loses one or more electrons, it becomes an electronically charged particle called..
ion
32
Metals tend to lose electrons and become positively charged..
cations
33
Nonmetals gain electrons and become negatively charged
anions
34
The number of electrons lost or gained is the..
charge number
35
an ion that consists of only one atom is referred to as a..
monatomic ion
36
different atoms can also combine and form
polyatomic acid
37
when atoms of nonmetals share electrons, they form an electrically neutral aggregate called..
molecule
38
What are the diatomic molecules
I, Br, Cl, F, O, N, H
38
nonmetallic elements exist in nature as..
diatomic molecules
39
Results from an attraction between a cation and an anion
Ionic compound
40
Setting the charge number of one ion as the subscript of the other ion
Crisscross rule
41
some ionic compounds have water molecules incorporated in their structure and are called
hydrated salts
42
Ionic compounds without their water molecules
anhydrous
43
Are compounds that can give off hydrogen ions when dissolved in water (aqeuous)
acids
44
results when nonmetals share electrons
covalent compound
45
naming most compounds of carbon
organic compounds
46
contains the symbol and the corresponding answer of atoms of all the elements in a compound
molecular formula
47
shows only the reduced form of a molecular formula
empirical formula
48
shows the bond pattern and connectivity of atoms in a compound
structural formula
49
simplifies the structural formula, in which bonding patterns and connectivity are less obvious but are still prettier
condensed structural formula
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