Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

study > Earth Sci | 1Q > Flashcards

Earth Sci | 1Q Flashcards

1
Q

Ptolemy created a model of the universe that accounted for the movement of the planets.

A

Ptolemaic System

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

the apparent westward motion of the planets with respect to the stars

A

Retrograde motion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

He concluded that Earth is a planet

A

Nicolaus Copernicus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

designed and built instruments to measure the locations of the heavenly bodies

A

Tycho Brahe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

He discovered three laws of planetary motion

A

Johannes Kepler

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

an oval-shaped path

A

ellipse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

the average distance between Earth and the sun; it is about 150 million kilometers

A

astronomical unit (AU)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

His most important contributions were his descriptions of the behavior of moving objects

A

Galileo Galilei

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Although others had theorized the existence of gravitational force, Newton was the first to formulate and test the law of universal gravitation

A

Sir Isaac Newton

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Gravitational force decreases with distance

A

universal gravitation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The two main motions of Earth are..

A

rotation and revolution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

a third and very slow motion of Earth’s axis

A

Precession

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

the turning, or spinning, of a body on its axis.

A

Rotation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Two measurements for rotation:

A

Mean solar day
Sidereal day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

the motion of a body, such as a planet or moon, along a path around some point in space

A

Revolution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

the time in January when Earth is closest to the sun

A

Perihelion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

is the time in July when Earth is farthest from the sun

A

Aphelion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

is the time interval from one noon to the next, about 24 hours

A

Mean solar day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

is the time it takes for Earth to make one complete rotation (360º) with respect to a star other than the sun—23 hours, 56 minutes, 4 seconds

A

Sidereal day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

traces out a cone over a period of 26,000 years

A

Precession

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

the point at which the moon is closest to Earth

A

Perigee

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

the point at which the moon is farthest from Earth

A

Apogee

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

occur when the moon moves in a line directly between Earth and the sun, casting a shadow on Earth

A

Solar eclipses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

occur when the moon passes through Earth’s shadow.

A

Lunar eclipses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

the depression at the summit of a volcano or a depression produced by a meteorite impact

A

crater

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Most of the lunar surface is made up of densely pitted, light-colored areas

A

Highlands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

any of a system of bright, elongated streaks, sometimes associated with a crater on the moon

A

Rays

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

ancient beds of basaltic lava, originated when asteroids punctured the lunar surface, letting magma bleed out

A

Maria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

a long channel associated with lunar maria. A rille looks similar to a valley or a trench

A

rille

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

a thin, gray layer on the surface of the moon, consisting of loosely compacted, fragmented material believed to have been formed by repeated impacts of meteorites

A

lunar regolith

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

are planets that are small and rocky—Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars

A

terrestrial planets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

are the huge gas giants—Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune

A

Jovian planets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

a cloud of gas and/or dust in space

A

nebula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

The substances that make up the planets are divided into three groups:

A

gases, rocks, and ices

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

are small, irregularly shaped bodies formed by colliding matter

A

Planetesimals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

is the innermost and second smallest planet; it is hardly larger than Earth’s moon

A

Mercury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

has cratered highlands, much like the moon, and vast smooth terrains that resemble maria

A

Mercury

35
Q

has the greatest temperature extremes of any planet

A

Mercury

36
Q

The Veiled Planet

A

Venus

37
Q

is similar to Earth in size, density, mass, and location in the solar system. Thus, it has been referred to as “Earth’s twin.”

A

Venus

38
Q

The Red Planet

A

Mars

38
Q

is covered in thick clouds that visible light cannot penetrate

A

Venus

39
Q

has only 1 percent of the density of Earth’s

A

Mars

39
Q

its atmosphere is very thin, extensive dust storms occur and may cause the color changes observed from Earth

A

Mars

40
Q

has a mass that is 2 1/2 times greater than the mass of all the other planets and moons combined

A

Jupiter

40
Q

Giant Among Planets

A

Jupiter

41
Q

how many moons does Jupiter have?

A

28 moons

42
Q

The Elegant Planet

A

saturn

42
Q

its atmosphere is very active, with winds roaring at up to 1500 kilometers per hour

A

saturn

43
Q

how many moons does saturn have

A

31 moons

44
Q

is the largest moon, and it is bigger than Mercury

A

Titan

45
Q

The Sideways Planet

A

Uranus

46
Q

its axis of rotation lies nearly parallel with the plane of its orbit

A

Uranus

47
Q

The Windy Planet

A

neptune

48
Q

Planet X

A

Pluto

49
Q

its orbit is highly eccentric, causing it to occasionally travel inside the orbit of Neptune, where it resided from 1979 through February 1999

A

Pluto

49
Q

is a small, rocky body whose diameter can range from a few hundred kilometers to less than a kilometer

A

asteroid

50
Q

are small bodies made of rocky and metallic pieces held together by frozen gases

A

comets

51
Q

generally revolve about the sun in elongated orbits

A

comets

52
Q

is the fuzzy, gaseous component of a comet’s head

A

coma

53
Q

The most famous short-period comet; Its orbital period is 76 years

A

halley’s comet

54
Q

Comets with long orbital periods appear to be distributed in all directions from the sun, forming a spherical shell around the solar system

A

Oort Cloud

55
Q

move in nearly circular orbits that lie roughly in the same plane as the planets

A

kuiper belt

56
Q

a small, solid particle that travels through space

A

meteoroid

57
Q

is the luminous phenomenon observed when a meteoroid enters Earth’s atmosphere and burns up, popularly called a shooting star

A

meteor

58
Q

is any portion of a meteoroid that reaches Earth’s surface

A

meteorite

59
Q

the region of the sun that radiates energy to space, or the visible surface of the sun

A

photosphere

60
Q

It consists of a layer of incandescent gas less than 500 kilometers thick

A

photosphere

61
Q

a grainy texture made up of many small, bright markings

A

granules

61
Q

the first layer of the solar atmosphere found directly above the photosphere

A

chromosphere

62
Q

It is a relatively thin, hot layer of incandescent gases a few thousand kilometers thick

A

chromosphere

62
Q

the outer, weak layer of the solar atmosphere

A

chromosphere

63
Q

a stream of protons and electrons ejected at high speed from the solar corona

A

solar wind

64
Q

a dark spot on the sun that is cool in contrast to the surrounding photosphere

A

sunspot

65
Q

are huge cloudlike structures consisting of chromospheric gases

A

Prominences

66
Q

are ionized gases trapped by magnetic fields that extend from regions of intense solar activity

A

Prominences

67
Q

are brief outbursts that normally last about an hour and appear as a sudden brightening of the region above a sunspot cluster

A

Solar flares

68
Q

the result of solar flares, are bright displays of ever-changing light caused by solar radiation interacting with the upper atmosphere in the region of the poles

A

Auroras

69
Q

is the way that the sun produces energy. This reaction converts four hydrogen nuclei into the nucleus of a helium atom, releasing a tremendous amount of energy

A

Nuclear fusion

70
Q

a star of extremely high density composed entirely of neutrons

A

neutron star

70
Q

a star that has exhausted most or all of its nuclear fuel and has collapsed to a very small size, believed to be near its final stage of evolution

A

white dwarf

71
Q

are thought to be remnants of supernova events

A

neutron star

72
Q

a source that radiates short bursts or pulses of radio energy in very regular periods

A

A pulsar

73
Q

a massive star that has collapsed to such a small volume that its gravity prevents the escape of everything, including light

A

black hol

74
Q

a group of stars, dust, and gases held together by gravity

A

A galaxy

75
Q

a large spiral galaxy whose disk is about 100,000 light-years wide and about 10,000 light-years thick at the nucleus

A

The Milky Way

76
Q

reveal that the Milky Way has at least three distinct spiral arms, with some splintering

A

Radio telescopes

77
Q

a system of galaxies containing several to thousands of member galaxies

A

Galaxy Clusters

78
Q

a Doppler shift toward the red end of the spectrum, occurs because the light waves are “stretched,” which shows that Earth and the source are moving away from each other

A

Red Shifts

79
Q

a law that states that the galaxies are retreating from the Milky Way at a speed that is proportional to their distance

A

Hubble’s law

80
Q

theory states that at one time, the entire universe was confined to a dense, hot, supermassive ball

A

The big bang theory

study (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions