GED 5 Fitness Flashcards
Define fitness
Fitness is the probability SURVIVAL and REPRODUCTION of a given phenotype
Why is is HARD to predict the FUTURE of fitness?
Because you will never know whether the offspring given by a fitness for example will definitely be able to reproduce and pass on gene.
Can you explain why UNFIT allele in sickle cell disease is maintained even though its disadvantageous?
- Homozygous (aa) for sickle cell diseases suffers from a variety of problems because all blood cells are sickle shaped, problems in transporting oxygen
- Heterozygous however (Aa) produces both normal blood cells and sickle cells, sickle cells provide résistance to malaria and do not cause any symptom as there is normal blood cells
- HETEROZYGOUS hence is more likely to survive reproduce and pass on genes hence passing on both, and obviously if both parents are heterozygous there is a probability the child will be born with sickle cell aa
Are species or individual within that species selected?
individuals
What does the RUNAWAY selection mean?
The runaway process states the as long as males with extreme ornament are fitter to survive AND the females preference for this characteristics continues to grow , selection can cause traits to be exaggerated UP TO A POINT.
what selects EXTREME characteristics?
SEXUAL selection
what selects EXTREME characteristics?
SEXUAL selection
What is INTERSEXUAL selection?
(ornamentation) evolution of fantastical traits which give advantage for reproduction as they are more likely to selected by opposite gender.
(peacock)
What is inTRAsexual selection?
(weaponry) animals develop ‘weapons’ to outcompete/fight other males
What is INDIRECT selection?
FEMALE choice based on quality of offspring
What can sexual Selection be defined as?
Evolution of certain traits and behaviour that give an advantage to those who express them over other in CONQUERING a mate. (its like your rizz)
It is a process that can work against NATURAL selection, but only when fitness benefits outweigh survival costs
What is HAMILTONS formula?
rb > c
What is Kin selection?
Kin selection is the evolutionary strategy that favours the reproductive success of an organism’s relatives, even when at a cost to the organism’s own survival and reproduction
What is the problem with altruism?
individuals would ‘lose’ if they were altruistic, why would anyone reduce their chances of passing on genes to the next generation?
Why isn’t altruism a problem?
Inclusive fitness,
According to the kin selection theory, altruistic individuals would prevail because the genes that they shared with kin would be passed on. Since the whole clan is included in the genetic victory of a few, the phenomenon of beneficial altruism came to be known as “inclusive fitness.”
