GE Elective 1.2

Question 1

innovations that are currently developing or will be developed over the next few years with the potential to significantly alter industries and society.

Answer 1

Emerging Technologies

Question 2

refers to machines designed to mimic human intelligence, enabling them to learn, reason, and make decisions. It includes technologies like machine learning, natural language processing, and computer vision.

Answer 2

Artificial Intelligence

Question 3

refers to a network of interconnected devices that collect, exchange, and act on data through embedded sensors and software.

Answer 3

Internet of Things (loT)

Question 4

is a decentralized secure digital ledger that records transactions across multiple computers, ensuring transparency and immutability.

Answer 4

Blockchain

Question 5

uses quantum-mechanical phenomena (e.g., superposition, entanglement) to perform complex calculations far beyond the capabilities of classical computers.

Answer 5

Quantum Computing

Question 6

uses biological systems, organisms, or derivatives to develop technologies and products that improve human life and the environment.

Answer 6

Biotechnology

Question 7

is technology development address the moral implications of how technologies are designed, implemented, and used.

Answer 7

Ethical Considerations

Question 8

4 Key Issues in Ethical Considerations

Answer 8

1. Privacy
2. Bias
3. Accountability
4. Transparency

Question 9

protecting individuals’ personal data from unauthorized access or misuse. For example, AI systems that collect user data must ensure compliance with privacy laws and ethical standards.

Answer 9

Privacy

Question 10

ensuring fairness and avoiding discrimination in algorithms and data sets. For instance, biased AI in hiring tools can unfairly disadvantage certain groups.

Answer 10

Bias

Question 11

establishing clear responsibility for the outcomes of technology use. If an autonomous vehicle causes an accident, who is liable - the manufacturer, software developer, or user?

Answer 11

Accountability

Question 12

4.making technology processes understandable and accessible to users. For example, AI decision-making systems should provide explanations for their outputs to build trust.

Answer 12

Transparency

Question 13

are sets of rules, policies, and laws that govern the development, deployment, and use of emerging technologies. They aim to protect public interests, ensure safety, and promote fair practices.

Answer 13

Regulatory Frameworks

Question 14

3 Examples of Regulatory Frameworks

Answer 14

1. General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)
2. AI Ethics Guidelines
3. Cybersecurity Regulations

Question 15

a European Union law that regulates data privacy and protection, requiring organizations to obtain user consent for data collection and ensure data security.

Answer 15

General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)

Question 16

policies like the EU’s Ethics Guidelines for Trustworthy AI provide principles for developing AI systems that are lawful, ethical, and robust.

Answer 16

AI Ethics Guidelines

Question 17

laws such as the US Cybersecurity Information Sharing Act (CISA) mandate measures to protect critical infrastructure from cyber threats.

Answer 17

Cybersecurity Regulations

Question 18

have far-reaching impacts across society, the economy, and the environment.

Answer 18

Emerging Technologies

Question 19

3 Impact of Emerging Technologies

Answer 19

1. Societal Impact
2. Economic Impact
3. Environmental Impact

Question 20

the effects of technology on human behavior, social structures, and quality of life.

Answer 20

Societal Impact

Question 21

the influence of technology on industries, job markets, and economic growth.

Answer 21

Economic Impact

Question 22

the effects of technology on natural ecosystems and sustainability.

Answer 22

Environmental Impact

Question 23

are creating a wide range of career opportunities across industries.

Answer 23

Emerging Technologies

Question 24

Emerging Technology Careers: (5)

Answer 24

-AI Engineer
-Data Scientist
-IoT Developer
-Blockchain Analyst
-Quantum Computing Researcher

Question 25

Emerging Technology Careers: Designs and develops artificial intelligence systems, including machine learning models and neural networks.

Answer 25

AI Engineer

Question 26

Emerging Technology Careers: Analyzes complex data sets to extract insights and inform decision-making using tools like Python and R.

Answer 26

Data Scientist

Question 27

Emerging Technology Careers: Builds and maintains interconnected devices and systems for applications like smart homes and industrial automation.

Answer 27

IoT Developer

Question 28

Emerging Technology Careers: Specializes in developing and implementing blockchain solutions for secure transactions and data management.

Answer 28

Blockchain Analyst

Question 29

Emerging Technology Careers: Explores the potential of quantum mechanics to solve computational problems beyond the reach of classical computers.

Answer 29

Quantum Computing Researcher

Question 30

Technical Skills: (3)

Answer 30

-programming languages (e.g., Pythons, Java, C++) -data analysis and visualization tools (e.g., tableau, Power BI) -knowledge of AI frameworks (e.g., TensorFlow, PyTorch)

Question 31

Soft Skills: (3)

Answer 31

-critical thinking and problem-solving -adaptability to new tools and technologies -communication and teamwork for cross-functional collaboration

Question 32

are fundamental components of modern technology, enabling devices to interact with the physical world by detecting and responding to various inputs.

Answer 32

Sensors

Question 33

are devices that detect changes in the environment (e.g., temperature, light, motion, pressure) and convert them into signals that can be measured and analyzed.

Answer 33

Sensors

Question 34

They act as the “senses” of electronic systems, providing critical data for decision-making and automation.

Answer 34

Sensors

Question 35

4 Types of Sensors

Answer 35

1. Proximity Sensors 2. Thermal Sensors 3. Biosensors 4. Environmental Sensors

Question 36

detect the presence or absence of nearby objects without physical contact. Used in smartphones (e.g., turning off the screen during a call) and automotive systems (e.g., parking distance).

Answer 36

Proximity Sensors

Question 37

measure temperature changes. Applications include climate control systems (e.g., thermostats) and industrial processes (e.g., monitoring machinery temperature).

Answer 37

Thermal Sensors

Question 38

detect biological elements such as enzymes, antibodies, or DNA, widely used in healthcare for glucose monitoring in diabetic patients.

Answer 38

Biosensors

Question 39

monitor environment parameters like air quality, humidity, and pollution levels. Used in smart cities and agricultural systems.

Answer 39

Environmental Sensors

Question 40

Examples of Integration: (3)

Answer 40

-Smart Homes -Autonomous Vehicles -Industrial Automation

Question 41

IoT-enabled devices like thermostats and security systems use sensors to collect data and AI to optimize performance.

Answer 41

Smart Homes

Question 42

LiDAR, radar, and camera sensors provide a real-time data, which AI processes to enable self-driving capabilities.

Answer 42

Autonomous Vehicles

Question 43

sensors monitor machinery and environmental conditions, while IoT and AI optimize production processes and predict maintenance needs.

Answer 43

Industrial Automation