GCSE Medicine Booklet 3

Question 1

What was the population size in ____ and then in ____?

Answer 1

1801 16.3 million
1901 41.6 million

Question 2

What was Louis Pasteur the first to do?

Answer 2

Establish a link between disease and germs.

Question 3

What was Pasteur’s nickname?

Answer 3

The father of micro-biology.

Question 4

What was pasteurisation?

Answer 4

Heating liquids to kill germs

Question 5

What was Paul Erlich’s major contribution to germ theory?

Answer 5

Salvarsan 606, in 1910, as a treatment for syphilis.

Question 6

What were magic bullets?

Answer 6

carefully designed drugs designed to target and kill specific germs causing illness.

Question 7

What 19th century technological improvements helped medicine?

Answer 7

thermometers, microscopes and X-rays

Question 8

What was Laudanum? It was recommended in Mrs Beeton’s book, The Book of Household Managament in ____.

Answer 8

1861, 90% alcohol and 10% opium.

Question 9

When did Aspirin go on sale in Britain?

Answer 9

1899

Question 10

Which chemist opened in the 19th century?

Answer 10

Boots

Question 11

How did mortality rates from surgery change in the 19th century?

Answer 11

Fell from 40% to 10%

Question 12

What gas did ________ _______ use during a leg amputation?

Answer 12

Robert Liston, Ether

Question 13

Who was a famous user of chloroform?

Answer 13

Queen Victoria used it during childbirth in 1853.

Question 14

What problems were there with 19th century anaesthetics?

Answer 14

It was hard to get doses right

Question 15

What was aseptic surgery invented by Charles Chamberland?

Answer 15

Germ free environment, steam sterised equipment

Question 16

How many specialist hospitals were there in London by ____?

Answer 16

1860, 36

Question 17

How did Florence Nightingale improve hospitals in the Crimean War?

Answer 17

Cleaned them up and death rate fell from 40% to just 2%

Question 18

What book did Florence Nightingale write?

Answer 18

Notes on Nursing

Question 19

What was the life expectancy for rich and poor in Bethnal Green in _____?

Answer 19

1842, Rich 45 and poor 16

Question 20

What was the child death rate in Manchester in the ____s?

Answer 20

1840s
57% died before their 5th birthday.

Question 21

Who discovered the causes of cholera from an infected water pump in Broad Street, London?

Answer 21

John Snow

Question 22

How many people died due to the infected water pump in Broad Street, London?

Answer 22

In the first 10 days over 700 people died.

Question 23

How did Snow prove that the water was spreading cholera?

Answer 23

He removed the water pump handle and the spread of the disease stopped.

Question 24

What did Joseph Bazalgette do?

Answer 24

Built 83 miles of sewers under London which removed 420 million tonnes per day.

Question 25

What did the ____ Public Health Act do?

Answer 25

1875, Local councils forced to provide clean water and have health inspectors

Question 26

What did the ____ Food and Drug Act do?

Answer 26

1875, Regulated food and medicine to make it safer.