GCSE Medicine Booklet 3 Flashcards
What was the population size in ____ and then in ____?
1801 16.3 million
1901 41.6 million
What was Louis Pasteur the first to do?
Establish a link between disease and germs.
What was Pasteur’s nickname?
The father of micro-biology.
What was pasteurisation?
Heating liquids to kill germs
What was Paul Erlich’s major contribution to germ theory?
Salvarsan 606, in 1910, as a treatment for syphilis.
What were magic bullets?
carefully designed drugs designed to target and kill specific germs causing illness.
What 19th century technological improvements helped medicine?
thermometers, microscopes and X-rays
What was Laudanum? It was recommended in Mrs Beeton’s book, The Book of Household Managament in ____.
1861, 90% alcohol and 10% opium.
When did Aspirin go on sale in Britain?
1899
Which chemist opened in the 19th century?
Boots
How did mortality rates from surgery change in the 19th century?
Fell from 40% to 10%
What gas did ________ _______ use during a leg amputation?
Robert Liston, Ether
Who was a famous user of chloroform?
Queen Victoria used it during childbirth in 1853.
What problems were there with 19th century anaesthetics?
It was hard to get doses right
What was aseptic surgery invented by Charles Chamberland?
Germ free environment, steam sterised equipment
How many specialist hospitals were there in London by ____?
1860, 36
How did Florence Nightingale improve hospitals in the Crimean War?
Cleaned them up and death rate fell from 40% to just 2%
What book did Florence Nightingale write?
Notes on Nursing
What was the life expectancy for rich and poor in Bethnal Green in _____?
1842, Rich 45 and poor 16
What was the child death rate in Manchester in the ____s?
1840s
57% died before their 5th birthday.
Who discovered the causes of cholera from an infected water pump in Broad Street, London?
John Snow
How many people died due to the infected water pump in Broad Street, London?
In the first 10 days over 700 people died.
How did Snow prove that the water was spreading cholera?
He removed the water pump handle and the spread of the disease stopped.
What did Joseph Bazalgette do?
Built 83 miles of sewers under London which removed 420 million tonnes per day.
