GCSE Medicine Booklet 2 Flashcards
What was the name of the book published by Vesalius in ____?
1543, The Fabric of the Human body
Which of Galens ideas were proved wrong by Vesalius?
That the lower jaw was in two parts. That blood passed through the septum.
What was the effect of the work of Vesalius?
He made people question Galen and showed the importance of human dissection
How did Pare help wounds to heal?
He used an ointment of egg yolks, oil of roses and turpentine
How did Pare stop bleeding and what did this method replace?
He used ligatures (silk threads) to tie the blood vessels closed, this replace cauterisation
What was a problem with ligatures?
Pare didn’t understand that the silk threads could carry germs into the wounds and cause infection.
What did William Harvey discover?
He showed that blood was pumped around the body by the heart.
How did Harvey prove his discovery?
He dissected live cold blooded animals
What was John Hunter’s contribution to medicine?
He was a surgeon who believed that deep wounds should be left alone to let nature help heal. Famous as a teacher of anatomy and dissection.
What improvements had been made to surgery by the early 1800s?
half of doctors had been trained
What was quackery?
People began to invent and sell medicine which they knew didn’t work.
Give one example of a fake medicine
Daffy’s Elixir
How many new hospitals were between ____ and ____?
1720 and 1750, 14
How many patients were treated in London’s hospitals by ____?
1800
20,000
Give an example of inoculation
Lady Mary Montagu gave her children mild smallpox.
Describe the work of Edward Jenner.
Heard a milk maid claim that victims of cowpox never got smallpox, gave a nine year old called James Phipps cowpox and then a dose of smallpox. Phipps never got smallpox meaning he was immune.
How did the government support Jenner?
In 1802 he was given £10,000 and in 1807 a further £20,000
When was smallpox vaccination made compulsory?
1853
When was the Great Plague?
1665
Where did the Great Plague occur?
It was centred in London
What factor was significant in stopping the Great Plague that wasn’t present during the Black Death?
infected people were locked up for 40 days, all pets were killed
How did the rebuilding of London after the Great fire of London make it harder for diseases to spread in the future?
Christopher Wrenn designed the new buildings in London to be more spaced out
when was the Great Fire of London
1666
