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Year 8 Science > GCSE- Forces and their effects > Flashcards

GCSE- Forces and their effects Flashcards

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1
Q

What is an alternative name for the turning effect of a force?

A

A moment

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2
Q

State the equation used to calculate the moment of a force. Give appropriate units?

A

Moment of force= Force x distance
Moment (Nm), Force (N), Distance (m)

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3
Q

What distance measurement is used when calculating a moment?

A

The perpendicular distance from the pivot to the line of action of the force.

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4
Q

If an object is in equilibrium, what can be said about the moments acting on the object?

A

The clockwise moments are equal to the anticlockwise moments.

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5
Q

How do levers make use of Moments?

A

They increase the perpendicular distance of the forces from the pivot, so decrease the force needed to produce the same moment.

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6
Q

On a seesaw there is a force of 20N acting on the 2m side and on the other 4m side there is 10N acting on it. Will this object rotate? If so in which direction?

A

No. The clockwise and anticlockwise moments ae equal, therefore the object remains in equilibrium.

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7
Q

A block is put on one side of the seesaw and the other has a force acting on it. How are the levers used to decrease the force required to life something?

A

Levers use a pivot point and concept of moments to reduce the force. The further you are away from the pivot point the less force you need to lift the object up.

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8
Q

How does lubricating levers/ gears improve efficiency?

A

There is less resistance; less energy is wasted/ dissipated (as heat) overcoming frictional forces.

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9
Q

What is a balanced force?

A

A resultant force of zero.

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10
Q

What is a contact force

A

A force that acts on an object through physical contact.

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11
Q

What is an electric field?

A

A region where a charge will experience a non-contact electrostatic force.

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12
Q

What is equilibrium?

A

An object in equilibrium has a zero resultant force and a zero resultant moment.

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13
Q

What is a force field?

A

A region where an object will experience a non-contact force.

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14
Q

What is are force vectors?

A

An arrow that represents a force. The length represents the force’s magnitude and the arrowhead shows the direction in which it acts.

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15
Q

What is a free body diagram?

A

A visual representation of the forces that act on a object.

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16
Q

What is friction?

A

A resistive contact force that acts to oppose the relative motion between two surfaces.

17
Q

What is a gear?

A

A simple mechanism that transmits the rotational effect of a force .

18
Q

What is a gravitational field?

A

A region where a mass will experience a non-contact gravitational force.

19
Q

What is a lever?

A

A simple mechanism that can transmit the rotational effect of a force.

20
Q

What is lubrication?

A

The application of a lubricant (such as oil) to reduce the friction that acts between surfaces. This may improve the efficiency of a system.

21
Q

What is a magnetic field?

A

A region where a magnetic material will experience a non-contact magnetic force.

22
Q

What is a moment?

A

The turning effect of a force, equal to the product of the magnitude of the force and the perpendicular distance form the pivot to the line of action of the force.

23
Q

What is a newton metre?

A

The unit of a moment.

24
Q

What is a non-contact force?

A

A force that act on an object at a distance. There is no physical contact, instead the force acts through a field.

25
Q

What is the principle of moments?

A

For an object in equilibrium, the sum of the clockwise moments about any point on the object must equal the anticlockwise moments about the same point.

26
Q

What is the resolution of force?

A

All forces can be resolved into two perpendicular components that have the same effect as the single force.

27
Q

What is a resultant force?

A

The single force that can replace all the individual forces action on an object, and have the same effect.

28
Q

What is a resultant moment?

A

The single moment that has the same effect as the sun of all the other clockwise and anticlockwise moments acting on an object.

29
Q

What is are scalar quantities?

A

Quantities that only have a magnitude, not a direction.

30
Q

What are vector quantities?

A

Quantities that have both a magnitude and a direction. They are represented by an arrow, with the length representing the magnitude and the arrowhead repenting the direction.

31
Q

What is a force?

A

A push or pull action on an object due to an interaction with another object.

32
Q

What are the two categories that all forces can be split into?

A
  1. Contact forces
  2. Non- contact forces
33
Q

Give three examples of contact forces?

A
  • Friction
  • Air resistance
  • Tension
34
Q

Give three examples of non-contact force?

A
  1. Gravitational forces
  2. Electrostatic forces
  3. Magnetic forces
35
Q

Is forces a vector or a scalar quantity? Why?

A
  • Vector
  • It has both magnitude and direction
36
Q

What is a scalar quantity?

A
  • A quantity that only has a magnitude.
  • A quantity that isn’t direction dependant.
37
Q

What is a vector quantity?

A

A quantity that has both magnitude and direction.

38
Q

Give tree example of vector quantities?

A
  • Velocity
  • Displacement
  • Force
39
Q

Give three example of scalar quantities?

A
  • Temperature
  • Time
  • Mass
  • Speed
  • Distance
  • Energy

Year 8 Science (7 decks)

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