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Year 8 Science > 7K - Forces > Flashcards

7K - Forces Flashcards

1
Q

What is a force?

A

A push or a pull.

Can change the shape of something, its speed and the direction it is moving.

Can be big or small

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2
Q

What is the measurement for forces

A

Newtons

N

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3
Q

What are the types of forces

A

contact

non-contact

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4
Q

What are contact forces?

A

Forces that act between two objects that are physically touching each other.

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5
Q

Give examples of contact forces?

A

friction

air resistance

water resistance (buoyancy)

upthrust

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6
Q

What are non-contact forces?

A

A force that one object can apply to another object without touching it.

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7
Q

Give an example of a non-contact force

A

gravity

static electricity

magnetism

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8
Q

What do arrows show about different forces

A

bigger arrows= bigger forces

smaller arrows= smaller forces;

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9
Q

How do arrows show direction

A

The arrow point from the direction it is coming to the direction it is going

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10
Q

What is weight?

A

The force of gravity pulling on it.

Force= measured in Newtons

Gravity= greater on Earth than Moon

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11
Q

What is mass?

A

This is the amount of matter making up an object.

Measured= g/kg

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12
Q

What is the stretch?

A

to make longer without tearing or breaking.

Amount depends on type of material

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13
Q

What is a springs?

A

A coil of wire

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14
Q

What are springs used in?

A

force metres

  • depending of force spring stretches
  • pointer moves further on the scale
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15
Q

What is an extension

A

Make shorter.

Amount depends on type of material

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16
Q

What is the elastic material?

A

Point beyond which spring becomes permanently stretched therefore the spring will not return to its original length when the force is removed

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17
Q

What is a plastic material?

A

Objects that do not return to its original shape when force is removed.

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18
Q

What happens when a force is removed from an object?

A

returns to original length

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19
Q

What is an elastic material?

A

Something that will stretch then returns to original shape of length.

Something that changes shape when a force is applied/ acts on it and then returns to its original shape.

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20
Q

What does Hooke’s law saw?

A

i newton= 4cm

proportionality

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21
Q

What is Hooke’s law?

A

-When a spring stretches, the extension of the spring is proportional to the force stretching it, provided the elastic limit of the spring is not exceeded.

-the extension of a spring is proportional-proportional up to a certain point- limit of proportionality

-1 newton increased= string stretches same amount

-applies to elastic materials

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22
Q

What is Friction?

A

The force between two objects in contact that opposes the motion of either object.

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23
Q

How can friction be useful?

A

car tire- rubber

sitting on chair

walking

drinking tea

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24
Q

How can friction be bad

A

wear things away

riding a bike

car= produces heat and noise

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25
What is friction due to gases and liquids?
slow things down - air resistance - water resistance reduced by smooth shapes and surfaces
26
What is a lubricant?
Substances that are added between surfaces to decrease/reduce friction adding a lubricate= lubrication.
27
What is an independent variable
Variable that is manipulated
28
What is a dependant variable
The variable you measure.
29
What is a control variable?
Helps us collect data in experiments.
30
What is the formula for pressure?
Force (N) / Area (m^2)
31
What is the unit for pressure?
size of - force - if area unchanged - larger force = larger pressure - area - if force unchanged - larger area = larger pressure
32
What is pressure
-Is the amount of force pushing on a contain area. - measured in Newtons(N) - area in metered squared.
33
What are the units for pressure?
Pascals (Pa) Newtons/Meters squared
34
What is atmospheric pressure
- pressure of the air on the Earths surface -100,000 pascals - you do not notice as fluids in your body is at a similar pressure
35
What is the change in pressure on Earth?
Deep under the ocean the pressure is greater due to the water above. The top of a mountain pressure is low as there is less air above.
36
How to decrease pressure in a fluid?
-take away particles -cool the fluid -increase container size
37
How to increase pressure in a fluid?
-add partials -heat the fluid -decrease container size
38
What is the impact of air on fluid pressure?
increases because particles move faster, and hit the surface harder
39
What is a balanced force
when to forces on an object are the same strength but in opposite directions
40
What is an unbalanced force?
when to forces on an object are the different strength but in the same directions
41
What does it mean to be stationary
not moving; not changing
42
What does it mean to be at a steady spead
To have a constant speed
43
What are the states of matter?
solid liquid gas
44
What is a solid?
-Definite shape and volume - cannot flow -difficult to compress - particles - spacing close - strong forces - vibrate in fixed position
45
What is a liquid?
-no definite shape - a definite volume. -difficult to compress - flows and takes shape of container - particles - forces fairly strong - spacing close - move within the liquid
46
What is a gas?
- no definite shape or volume - spreads in all directions - easy to compress - particles - weak forces - far apart - move in fast in all directions
47
What is diffusion?
when particles spread and mix with each other without anything moving them.
48
What is a Brownian Motion
An erratic movement of small specks of matter caused by being hit by the moving particles that make up liquids or gases.
49
What does it mean to have a contact force?
To get smaller.
50
What does it mean to expand?
To get bigger.
51
What is density?
the amount of mass that one cubic centimetre of a substance has. Often measured in grams per cubic centimetre (g/cm^3) or (kg/m^3)
52
What is the Greek symbol for density?
rho (ρ)
53
What is the formula for density?
mass/volume
54
What is the mass formula
density x volume
55
What is the mass formula?
Mass/density
56
What is floating?
objects sitting above the fluids
57
What is sinking
To move downward below the surface of a liquid.
58
What is the difference between upthrust in air and in water?
In water is greater than in air because the density of water is higher than in air.
59
What is the difference between upthrust in air and in water?
In water is greater than in air because the density of water is higher than in air.
60
What is the density of water
-1g/cm^3 -1g/ml -1kg/m^3
61
What is evidence
Data or information that either supports a statement or shows that it is not true.
62
What does it mean for a substance to expand?
To increase in size or amount.
63
What is a particle model?
A simplified motion diagram that shows the object in motion as a series of points.
64
What is a particle theory?
Is that matter is made up of atoms and that they can be divided.
65
What is volume?
The amount of space an object takes up.
66
What is an anomalous?
abnormal; irregular
67
What is boiling?
When a liquid changes to a gas
68
What is a boiling
The temperature at which a liquid changes to a gas.
69
What is a change state?
The change of a substance from one physical state to another.
70
What is a chemical change
A change in matter that produces one or more new substances atoms cpmbine in different ways to give new stubstances e.g. combustion neutralisation
71
What does it mean to condense.
The change from a gas to a liquid.
72
What does it mean to evapourate?
To change from liquid to gas.
73
What does it mean to freeze?
To change from liquid to solid
74
What does it mean to melt?
To change from solid to liquid.
75
What is a freezing point?
The temperature at which a liquid changes into a solid.
76
What does is sublimations?
when a solid turns into a gas without being a liquid.
77
What is a melting point?
The temperature at which a solid becomes a liquid.
78
What is a physical change?
A change on state that does not change a substance.
79
What is water vapour?
Water in the gas form (steam).
80
What is a fluid?
A substance that flows A gas or a liquid
81
What is pressure?
-The amount of force pushing on a certain area. A way of saying how spread out a force is. Often measured in newtons per square metre (N/m2 ) or pascals (Pa). - in liquids and gases the force at which particles hit other things.
82
What is upthrust?
-A force that pushes things up in liquids and gases. - items float when the upthrust is equal the the weight of the item - reason you feel you way less in water
83
How you can know if something floats?
compare density of fluid with the density of the object.
84
What is the density of water?
1g/cm^3
85
What happens to a substance that is less or more than the substance it is in?
the item will float. the greater it is above this the more submerged it is.
86
What is the density of air
0.001 g/cm^3
87
Why hot air balloons float?
pressure of the hot air, basket and passengers is less than the air pressure.
88
Why is water different?
unlike the solid state of other materials, solid ice does not sink in liquid water.
89
What is weight?
The amount of force with which gravity pulls things. It is measured in newtons (N). Your weight would change if you went into space or to another planet.
90
What is air resistance?
A force that tries to slow objects down that are moving through air. It is caused by friction and by the objects pushing the air out of the way.
91
What is drag?
Another name for air resistance or water resistance.
92
What does it mean to be streamline?
Something that is a smooth shape to reduce the air resistance or water resistance.
93
What is water resistance?
A force on an object moving through water.

Year 8 Science (7 decks)

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