9H - Atomic Structure Flashcards
What is an atom?
The smallest unit on an element from the periodic table.
They cannot be created or destroyed.
They have specific properties.
Atoms contain subatomic particles.
What is in an atom?
Protons
Neutrons
Electrons
What is in the nucleus?
The protons and neutrons
What is the charge of the protons?
Positive
What is the charge of the Neutron?
Neutral
What is the charge of the electrons?
Negative
What is on the shell around the nucleus in an atom?
The electrons
How are the number of protons and neutrons related?
The number of protons = number of electrons
How do atoms participate in chemical reactions?
Through the electrons.
What can electrons do?
They can be shared, lost or gained.
How are electrons arranges?
In electrons shells.
How are the electron shells arranged?
Based on energy levels
What is the maximum number of electrons on the first shell?
2 electonsm
What is the maximum number of electrons on the second shell?
8
What is the maximum number of electrons on the third shell?
8
What happens when atoms lose or gain electrons?
They become ions.
What is an ion?
Atoms that have lost or gained elections.
What is ionic and metallic bonding?
Metals the react with each other by losing their outer shell.
What happens the the electrons in a metal?
The electrons become free and move around the metallic structure.
What are delocalised electrons?
An electron in an atom, ion, or molecule that is not connected to a single atom or covalent bond.
What is a Metallic Bond?
The delocalised electrons are still attracted by the positive charges of the ions (in fixed positions). This electrostatic attraction is strong.
The force that holds atoms together in a metallic substance.
What happens when an atom loses a electron?
It become a positive.
Lose a negative become positive.
What is an ionic bonding?
The bond formed by the electrostatic attraction between a positive and a negative ion.
What is the charge of a metal?
Positive ion
