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Year 8 Science > 9H - Atomic Structure > Flashcards

9H - Atomic Structure Flashcards

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1
Q

What is an atom?

A

The smallest unit on an element from the periodic table.

They cannot be created or destroyed.

They have specific properties.

Atoms contain subatomic particles.

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2
Q

What is in an atom?

A

Protons
Neutrons
Electrons

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3
Q

What is in the nucleus?

A

The protons and neutrons

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4
Q

What is the charge of the protons?

A

Positive

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5
Q

What is the charge of the Neutron?

A

Neutral

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6
Q

What is the charge of the electrons?

A

Negative

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7
Q

What is on the shell around the nucleus in an atom?

A

The electrons

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8
Q

How are the number of protons and neutrons related?

A

The number of protons = number of electrons

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9
Q

How do atoms participate in chemical reactions?

A

Through the electrons.

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10
Q

What can electrons do?

A

They can be shared, lost or gained.

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11
Q

How are electrons arranges?

A

In electrons shells.

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12
Q

How are the electron shells arranged?

A

Based on energy levels

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13
Q

What is the maximum number of electrons on the first shell?

A

2 electonsm

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14
Q

What is the maximum number of electrons on the second shell?

A

8

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15
Q

What is the maximum number of electrons on the third shell?

A

8

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16
Q

What happens when atoms lose or gain electrons?

A

They become ions.

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17
Q

What is an ion?

A

Atoms that have lost or gained elections.

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18
Q

What is ionic and metallic bonding?

A

Metals the react with each other by losing their outer shell.

19
Q

What happens the the electrons in a metal?

A

The electrons become free and move around the metallic structure.

20
Q

What are delocalised electrons?

A

An electron in an atom, ion, or molecule that is not connected to a single atom or covalent bond.

21
Q

What is a Metallic Bond?

A

The delocalised electrons are still attracted by the positive charges of the ions (in fixed positions). This electrostatic attraction is strong.

The force that holds atoms together in a metallic substance.

22
Q

What happens when an atom loses a electron?

A

It become a positive.

Lose a negative become positive.

23
Q

What is an ionic bonding?

A

The bond formed by the electrostatic attraction between a positive and a negative ion.

24
Q

What is the charge of a metal?

A

Positive ion

25
Q

What is the mass of a proton?

A

1

26
Q

What is the mass of an electon?

A

Almost 0

27
Q

What is the mass on a neutron?

A

1

28
Q

What is the charge of a proton?

A

Positive
+1

29
Q

What is the charge of a neutron ?

A

Neutral
0

30
Q

What is the charge of a electron?

A

Negative
-1

31
Q

What is the atomic number on the periodic table?

A

The number of protons.

32
Q

What is the relative mass of a proton and a neutron?

A

1

33
Q

What is the atomic mass on the periodic table?

A

The number of protons and the number of electrons added together

34
Q

How to calculate the protons?

A

Atomic number

35
Q

How to calculate the electrons?

A

Atomic number

Protons = Neutron

36
Q

How to calculate the neutron?

A

Atomic mass - Atomic number

37
Q

What is energy?

A

The ability to “work “ or “change”.

Energy is not created or destroyed.

Energy is transferred.

38
Q

What is an example of an energy being put in?

A

Solid to liquid energy is imputed.

Liquid to gas energy is imputed.

39
Q

What type of energy is used in changes of state?

A

Heat energy

40
Q

What is an endothermic reaction?

A

Energy is provided to the reactant.

41
Q

What is an exothermic reaction?

A

Energy is released to the surrounding.

42
Q

What happen to the temperature in an exothermic reation?

A

It increases.

43
Q

What happen to the temperature in an exothermic reation?

A

It increases.

44
Q

What happens to the temperature in an endothermic reaction?

A

It decreases.

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