GCSE Chemistry C1 - Section 4 - 5 Crude oil and products from oil

Question 1

What are particulates?

Answer 1

Tiny solid particles made of carbon or hydrocarbons

Question 1

What are the advatnages of making ethanol from fermentation of sugar from plants?

Answer 1

1. Renewable. 2. CO2 neutral.

Question 2

What are unsaturated hydrocarbons called?

Answer 2

Alkenes

Question 2

Which property does fractional distillation use to separate crude oil?

Answer 2

boiling points

Question 2

What are the advantages of making ethanol from hydration of ethene from crude oil?

Answer 2

1. No CO2 is released during production.

Question 3

In a fractional distillation column, where do the shorter/ lighter fractions get collected?

Answer 3

at the top

Question 3

What is biodiesel?

Answer 3

A fuel made from plant oil

Question 3

If I add orange bromine water to an ALKENE, what would I see?

Answer 3

Bromine water goes COLOURLESS

Question 4

What causes global dimming?

Answer 4

Particulates (they reflect sunlight back to space)

Question 6

What is the general formula for alkanes?

Answer 6

CnH2n + 2

Question 7

What are three disadvantages of using biodiesel?

Answer 7

1. Plants take a long time to grow. 2. Plants take up space which could be used to grow food. 3. Space to grow plants is needed and so habitats could be destroyed.

Question 7

What is polymerisation?

Answer 7

A reaction where monomers are added together to make a polymer.

Question 7

What is a SMART polymer?

Answer 7

A polymer that can change it’s properties by light, temperature or their surroundings.

Question 9

Describe the fractional distillation process in six steps

Answer 9

1. Crude oil enters at bottom. 2. Crude oil heated. 3. Crude oil vapourise. 4. Crude oil vapour enters column. 5. Crude oil fractions cool at different temperatures (boiling points) and condense. 6. Shorter fractions at top, longer fractions at bottom.

Question 10

What is crude oil?

Answer 10

A dark, smelly, liquid MIXTURE of chemical compounds.

Question 10

What is a hydrocarbon?

Answer 10

A compound made of only hydrogen and carbon

Question 11

How is sulphur dioxide made?

Answer 11

When sulphur in fossil fuels is burnt in oxygen

Question 12

What are the two ways of making ethanol?

Answer 12

1. Fermentation of sugar from plants. 2. Hydration of ethene (from crude oil)

Question 14

How are nitrogen oxides made?

Answer 14

When nitrogen and oxygen react together inside HOT CAR ENGINES

Question 15

Which gas causes global warming?

Answer 15

carbon dioxide

Question 17

What are saturated hydrocarbons called?

Answer 17

Alkanes

Question 18

What are disadvantages of making ethanol from hydration of ethene from crude oil?

Answer 18

1. Crude oil is non renewable.

Question 19

If I add orange bromine water to an ALKANE, what would I see?

Answer 19

Bromine water stays orange.

Question 20

What conditions are needed to do cracking?

Answer 20

Heating at HIGH TEMPERATURES to produce vapours. Vapours pass over a CATALYST.

Question 22

What are the products of burning a fuel?

Answer 22

Carbon dioxide and water

Question 23

What is cracking?

Answer 23

Breaking down long hydrocarbons into shorter ones.

Question 24

What is a polymer?

Answer 24

A large molecule made from lots of monomers joined together

Question 25

What are the disadvantages of making ethanol from fermentation of sugar from plants?

Answer 25

1. Have to wait for plants to grow. 2. Plant space can destroy habitats.

Question 27

How is crude oil separated?

Answer 27

Fractional Distillation

Question 29

What is the gerneral formula for alkenes?

Answer 29

CnH2n

Question 30

What are plastics made from?

Answer 30

Polymers

Question 31

What conditions cause carbon monoxide to be made instead of carbon dioxide when burning a fuel?

Answer 31

Limited/ not enough oxygen

Question 32

What polymer would lots of ethene monomers make?

Answer 32

Polyethene

Question 33

What is a biofuel?

Answer 33

A fuel made from plant or animal products

Question 34

Which gases cause acid rain?

Answer 34

sulphur dioxide, nitrogen oxides

Question 36

Where is the crude oil pumped into the fractional distillation column?

Answer 36

at the bottom

Question 37

What is a BIODEGRADABLE plastic?

Answer 37

Plastics which can be broken down when dumped in the ground by micro-organisms.

Question 38

What are three advantages of using biodiesel?

Answer 38

1. It breaks down 5 times faster than normal diesel. 2. It is renewable. 3. It is CO2 neutral (plants absorb the CO2 that is released when they're burnt).