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Chemistry GCSE > GCSE Chemistry C1 - Section 4 - 5 Crude oil and products from oil > Flashcards

GCSE Chemistry C1 - Section 4 - 5 Crude oil and products from oil Flashcards

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1
Q

What are particulates?

A

Tiny solid particles made of carbon or hydrocarbons

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1
Q

What are the advatnages of making ethanol from fermentation of sugar from plants?

A
  1. Renewable. 2. CO2 neutral.
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2
Q

What are unsaturated hydrocarbons called?

A

Alkenes

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2
Q

Which property does fractional distillation use to separate crude oil?

A

boiling points

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2
Q

What are the advantages of making ethanol from hydration of ethene from crude oil?

A
  1. No CO2 is released during production.
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3
Q

In a fractional distillation column, where do the shorter/ lighter fractions get collected?

A

at the top

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3
Q

What is biodiesel?

A

A fuel made from plant oil

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3
Q

If I add orange bromine water to an ALKENE, what would I see?

A

Bromine water goes COLOURLESS

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4
Q

What causes global dimming?

A

Particulates (they reflect sunlight back to space)

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6
Q

What is the general formula for alkanes?

A

CnH2n + 2

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7
Q

What are three disadvantages of using biodiesel?

A
  1. Plants take a long time to grow. 2. Plants take up space which could be used to grow food. 3. Space to grow plants is needed and so habitats could be destroyed.
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7
Q

What is polymerisation?

A

A reaction where monomers are added together to make a polymer.

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7
Q

What is a SMART polymer?

A

A polymer that can change it’s properties by light, temperature or their surroundings.

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9
Q

Describe the fractional distillation process in six steps

A
  1. Crude oil enters at bottom. 2. Crude oil heated. 3. Crude oil vapourise. 4. Crude oil vapour enters column. 5. Crude oil fractions cool at different temperatures (boiling points) and condense. 6. Shorter fractions at top, longer fractions at bottom.
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10
Q

What is crude oil?

A

A dark, smelly, liquid MIXTURE of chemical compounds.

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10
Q

What is a hydrocarbon?

A

A compound made of only hydrogen and carbon

11
Q

How is sulphur dioxide made?

A

When sulphur in fossil fuels is burnt in oxygen

12
Q

What are the two ways of making ethanol?

A
  1. Fermentation of sugar from plants. 2. Hydration of ethene (from crude oil)
14
Q

How are nitrogen oxides made?

A

When nitrogen and oxygen react together inside HOT CAR ENGINES

15
Q

Which gas causes global warming?

A

carbon dioxide

17
Q

What are saturated hydrocarbons called?

A

Alkanes

18
Q

What are disadvantages of making ethanol from hydration of ethene from crude oil?

A
  1. Crude oil is non renewable.
19
Q

If I add orange bromine water to an ALKANE, what would I see?

A

Bromine water stays orange.

20
Q

What conditions are needed to do cracking?

A

Heating at HIGH TEMPERATURES to produce vapours. Vapours pass over a CATALYST.

22
Q

What are the products of burning a fuel?

A

Carbon dioxide and water

23
Q

What is cracking?

A

Breaking down long hydrocarbons into shorter ones.

24
Q

What is a polymer?

A

A large molecule made from lots of monomers joined together

25
Q

What are the disadvantages of making ethanol from fermentation of sugar from plants?

A
  1. Have to wait for plants to grow. 2. Plant space can destroy habitats.
27
Q

How is crude oil separated?

A

Fractional Distillation

29
Q

What is the gerneral formula for alkenes?

A

CnH2n

30
Q

What are plastics made from?

A

Polymers

31
Q

What conditions cause carbon monoxide to be made instead of carbon dioxide when burning a fuel?

A

Limited/ not enough oxygen

32
Q

What polymer would lots of ethene monomers make?

A

Polyethene

33
Q

What is a biofuel?

A

A fuel made from plant or animal products

34
Q

Which gases cause acid rain?

A

sulphur dioxide, nitrogen oxides

36
Q

Where is the crude oil pumped into the fractional distillation column?

A

at the bottom

37
Q

What is a BIODEGRADABLE plastic?

A

Plastics which can be broken down when dumped in the ground by micro-organisms.

38
Q

What are three advantages of using biodiesel?

A
  1. It breaks down 5 times faster than normal diesel. 2. It is renewable. 3. It is CO2 neutral (plants absorb the CO2 that is released when they’re burnt).

Chemistry GCSE (9 decks)

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