Gastrointestinal Tracts Lab 7

Question 1

Name the three functional regions the stomach is divided into

Answer 1

Duodenum
Jejunum
ileum

Question 2

What is the primary function of the stomach

Answer 2

Digestion of macronutrients

Question 3

Name the principle digestive organs of the ruminant in which digestion is carried out by microorganisms

Answer 3

• rumen
• reticulum
• omasum
• large intestine (colon)
• caecum (caecum)

Question 4

What is the function of the duodenum

Answer 4

Receives partially digested food. Chemical digestion and absorption

Question 5

What is the function of the jejunum

Answer 5

absorb nutrients from digested food into the bloodstream

Question 6

What is the function of the ileum

Answer 6

Absorb vitamin B12, bile salts and food that was digested or absorbed in the jejunum

Question 7

Name the anatomical features (structures) on the internal linings of the omasum

Answer 7

Laminae

Papillae

Question 8

How does bile duct enter the small intestine?

Answer 8

Bile duct

Sphincter of odd

Question 9

What are the two functional divisions of the pancreas

Answer 9

Endocrine

Exocrine

Question 10

List the secretions of the pancreas which enter the small intestine to aid digestion

Answer 10

Release bicarbonate

Release digestive enzyme (amylase, trypsin and lipase)

Question 11

What is the function of the bile

Answer 11

Allow digestion of dietary fat and oils by acting as surfactant that emulsifies them into micelles

Question 12

What is the name of the serosa surrounding the liver

Answer 12

Hepatic serosa

Question 13

What is the function of the liver?

Answer 13

Receives and processes blood from nutrients from intestines

Detoxification which converts ammonia to urea

Question 14

What types of cells are present in the liver?

Answer 14

Kupffer cells

Hepatocytes

Question 15

What are the features of the Kupffer cells

Answer 15

Remove bacteria from portal blood hepatocytes

Maintain blood glucose - removes toxins

Question 16

What are the functions of the hind-gut in humans?

Answer 16

Absorb water and electrolytes

Ferments plants material

Question 17

What are the seven features of a cat GI tract

Answer 17

Simple stomach increase protein
Large stomach
Simple gut
No caecum
Short large and small intestine
Low pH - high HCI (sterilise food and breakdown prey)
Sharp teeth

Question 18

What does the porcine midgut consist of?

Answer 18

Small intestine
Caecum
ilieo caecum valve

Question 19

What are the features of the porcine midgut?

Answer 19

Small intestine (long for enzymatic digestion)
villi - increase surface 
Caecum = breakdown of cellulose

Question 20

What are the adaptations of the porcine GI tract to its diet?

Answer 20

Large stomach + intestine
Long intestine
Caecum

Question 21

What are the adaptations of the equine GI tract to its diet?

Answer 21

Small stomach = cont. eating
No gall bladder = doesn’t require bile to be stored
Caecum = fermentation
Semi-colon and caecum = large

Question 22

What happens to the carbohydrates in the rumen?

Answer 22

Cellulose digested to glucose which is fermented to volatile fatty acid

Question 23

List the products of carbohydrate digestion

Answer 23

Acetate (ethanoic acid)
Propionate (propanic acid)
B- hydroxy butyrate

Question 24

What happens to lipids in the rumen

Answer 24

Breakdown of complex lipids via lipolysis
Biohydrogeneration
De novo fatty acid synthesis

Question 25

What is the function of the pyloric sphincter?

Answer 25

Controls the flow of partially digested food from the stomach to the small intestine

Question 26

Compare and contrast foregut fermentation in the sheep with hind-gut fermenation in the horse

Answer 26

Ruminants have cellulose digestion before small intestine

Monogastric herbivores i.e. horse and rabbit cellulose digestion