Gastrointestinal Tract Flashcards
What is NL intestinal wall thickness?
3-5mm
What are the 5 different intestinal layers and their echogenicty?
Mucosa - Hyper
Muscularis Mucosa - Hypo
Submucosa (thickest) Hyper
Muscularis Propria - Hypo
Serosa - Hyper
What is the intestinal hypoechoic rim and hyperechoic center appear as
target sign or pseudokidney
what is the segment of esophagus between the diaphragm and the stomach called?
Gastroesophageal junction.
When is the gastroesophageal junction seen?
Long midline of the epigastrum. seen as a target sign posterior to the left lobe of the liver
What is pneumoperitoneum and what is the most common cause ?
Air in the peritoneal cavity.
perforation of abdominal viscus by ulcers
What is the signs of appendicitis and where is the appendix located?
Periumbilical pain shifting to RLQ, loss of appitie, Increase WBC, rebound tenderness.
- Posterior to the terminal ileum and Anterior to iliac vessels
What is Mcburney’s point?
RLQ location of the appendix between the umbilicus and the iliac crest
What is the size of a inflammatory appendix?
noncompressable >6mm
What can mimic appendicitis?
Mesenteric adenitis
What is mesenteric adenitis?
inflamed mesenteric lymph noes in the RLQ
A neonatal patient (3-8w) comes into the ER with vomiting, visible peristalsis, and olive shape pylorus. what is it ?
Pyloric stenosis
What is the pyloric size criteria?
Channel length- >17 mm ( 14-24mm)
Muscle thickness >3mm ( 3-4mm)
Diameter >15mm
What is the most accurate measurement for determining pyloric stenosis?
Muscle wall
What do you need to be caution of when scanning a pylorus at 4weeks or younger?
you can see pylorospasm and the possibility of under diagnosing cases evolving into pyloric stenosis
Sonographically you see thick walled outpouching with hypoechoic thickening of the adjacent bowel. what is this?
DIverticulitis
Where is diverticulitis most often found?
sigmoid colon
A patient comes in with LLQ pain, fever and leukocytosis. what is the possible diagnosis?
Diverticulitis
What is a bowel obst. caused by?
extrinsic (hernia/adhesions)
volvulus (twistinging)
wall lesion (tumor crohns)
intraluminal (food bolus)
What is ileus SBO?
Bowel obst. related to adnamic function of the bowel.
A patient comes in with Acute ABD pain, vomiting, bloody diarrhea (jelly) Palpable abdominal mass. What do you think?
Intussusception.
What is the difference between intusscipiens vs intusseusceptum?
Intussuscipiens- exterior loop
Intussusceptum- Interior loop
Where are the most intussusception found?
Right suphepatic region and ileocolic
Sonographically you see a psuod kidney/ target sign in the abdomen. what am I?
Intussusception
How do you treat insussuscption?
Barium or air therapeutic enema
