Gastrointestinal Tract

Question 1

What are the three branches of the coeliac trunk?

Answer 1

Splenic artery
Left gastric artery
Common hepatic artery

Question 2

Which ligament marks the duodenojejunal junction?

Answer 2

Ligament of Treitz

Question 3

What is the blood supply to the appendix?

Answer 3

Ileocolic artery (branch of the SMA)

Question 4

What is the blood supply to the ascending colon?

Answer 4

Right colic artery (branch of the SMA)

Question 5

What is the blood supply to the transverse colon?

Answer 5

Proximal 2/3 - middle colic artery (branch of SMA)

Distal 1/3 - left colic artery (branch of IMA)

Question 6

What are the attachments of the lesser omentum?

Answer 6

Liver

Lesser curvature of the stomach

Question 7

What are the attachments of the greater omentum?

Answer 7

Transverse colon

Greater curvature of the stomach

Question 8

The rectum begins at which spinal level?

Answer 8

S3

Question 9

How many bones make up the sacrum?

Answer 9

5

Question 10

What are the peritoneal coverings of the upper 1/3 of the rectum?

Answer 10

Front and sides

Question 11

What are the peritoneal coverings of the middle 1/3 of the rectum?

Answer 11

Front

Question 12

What are the peritoneal coverings of the lower 1/3 of the rectum?

Answer 12

No peritoneum

Question 13

Which epithelial cell type is found in the upper half of the anal canal?

Answer 13

Columnar

Question 14

Which epithelial cell type is found in the lower half of the anal canal?

Answer 14

Non-keratinised stratified squamous

Question 15

What is the structure of the internal anal sphincter

Answer 15

Continuation of the inner circular muscle of the rectum

Smooth muscle, under autonomic control

Question 16

What is the nerve supply to the internal anal sphincter?

Answer 16

Inferior hypogastric plexus

Question 17

What is the structure of the external anal sphincter?

Answer 17

Deep, superficial and subcutaneous portions

Question 18

The external anal sphincter attaches to which structures?

Answer 18

Perineal body and coccyx

Question 19

What is the nerve supply to the external anal sphincter?

Answer 19

Inferior rectal nerve (branch of the pudendal)

Question 20

What is the porta hepatis?

Answer 20

Deep groove on posterior surface of the liver

Contains: hepatic artery, portal vein, hepatic bile ducts

Question 21

What is the origin of the superior rectal artery?

Answer 21

Inferior mesenteric artery

Question 22

What is the origin of the middle rectal artery?

Answer 22

Anterior division of the internal iliac artery

Question 23

What is the origin of the inferior rectal artery?

Answer 23

From the internal pudendal artery

Branch of anterior division of the internal iliac artery

Question 24

What is the lymphatic drainage of the rectum?

Answer 24

Internal iliac nodes

Question 25

Which GI structures have mesenteries?

Answer 25

Small intestines
Sigmoid colon
Transverse colon

Question 26

Which veins form the hepatic portal vein?

Answer 26

Superior mesenteric vein

Splenic vein

Question 27

Which epithelial cell type is found in the rectum?

Answer 27

Columnar

Question 28

What is meant by Hilton’s line?

Answer 28

Transition from non-keratinised ss epithelium to keratinised stratified squamous epithelium at the anal orifice

Question 29

What is meant by the dentate/pectinate line?

Answer 29

Transition upper two thirds of anal canal (derived from endoderm) from lower third of anal canal (derived from ectoderm)

Question 30

The fibres of the deep external anal sphincter blend with which muscle?

Answer 30

Puborectalis (part of the levator ani)

Question 31

What are the boundaries of the epiploic foramen?

Answer 31

Superior: caudate lobe of the liver
Inferior: Duodenum
Anterior: Portal Vein
Posterior: IVC