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Paramedic science - Anatomy and physiology > Gastrointestinal system - Anatomy > Flashcards

Gastrointestinal system - Anatomy Flashcards

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1
Q

How much saliva does the salivary glands produce?

A

1-1.5 a day

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2
Q

What is saliva composed of?

A
  1. 4% water

0. 6% electrolytes, buffers, antibodies and enzymes

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3
Q

What large gland produces saliva?

A

Parotid gland, located in the upper part of the cheeks

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4
Q

What small gland produces mucin?

A

Sublingual gland, located either side of the mouth, below the tongue

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5
Q

What is mucin?

A

The viscous component of saliva

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6
Q

What salivary gland is situated on the floor of the mouth, below the lower jaw?

A

Submandibular gland

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7
Q

How long is the oesophagus?

A

0.18-0.25m

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8
Q

Where does the oesophagus start and end, in terms of vertebrae and anatomical points?

A

cricoid cartilage (C6) to cardiosophageal sphincter of the stomach (T10)

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9
Q

What is the upper portion of the oesophagus composed of?

A

Striated muscle

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10
Q

What is the middle portion of the oesophagus composed of?

A

Striated and smooth muscle

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11
Q

What is the lower portion of the oesophagus composed of?

A

Smooth muscle

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12
Q

What nodes do the lymph in the superior third of the oesophagus drain into?

A

Deep cervical lymph nodes

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13
Q

What nodes do the lymph in the middle third of the oesophagus drain into?

A

superior and posterior mediastinal nodes

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14
Q

What nodes do the lymph in the lower third of the oesophagus drain into?

A

Left gastric and celiac nodes

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15
Q

What larger vein does blood from the oesophagus move through?

A

Azygos vein

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16
Q

What vein does the right azygos vein drain into?

A

Superior vena cava

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17
Q

What vein does the left azygos vein drain into?

A

Left brachiocephalic vein

18
Q

What opening does the oesophagus pass through to reach the stomach?

A

Oesophageal Hiatus. An opening in the diaphragm

19
Q

What is the superior part of the stomach, where it meets the oesaphgaus?

A

Cardia

20
Q

What is the upper portion of the stomach called?

A

Fundus

21
Q

What is the lower portion of the stomach called?

A

Pylus

22
Q

What orifice does chyme from the stomach leave through?

A

Pyloric orifice

23
Q

How is the alkaline solution used to neutralised the chyme in the duodenum, produced?

A

Mix of bile produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder and enzymes produced by the pancreas

24
Q

What is the sphincter of oddi?

A

A controlled opening in the duodenum, for both the pancreatic and common bile duct

25
Q

What artery supplies the pancreas?

A

The splenic artery

26
Q

What cells are contained within pancreatic islets?

A

Alpha, beta, exocrine acinus

27
Q

What are the groups of cells contained within the pancreas?

A

pancreatic islets

28
Q

What cells in the pancreas produce and secrete the digestive enzymes?

A

Acinar cells

29
Q

What cells in the pancreas produce glucagon?

A

alpha cells

30
Q

What cells in the pancreas produce insulin?

A

beta cells

31
Q

What veins take blood from the liver?

A

Hepatic veins split from the inferior vena cava

32
Q

What arterys supply blood to the liver?

A

hepatic artery split from the abdominal aorta

33
Q

What is the portal triad?

A

triangular shape in the liver composed of three major components: the hepatic artery, the hepatic portal vein and the bile ducts.

34
Q

How is excess sugars stored?

A

lipogenesis coverts the excess sugar into fats

35
Q

What is Glycogenesis?

A

the process of forming glycogen from glucose

36
Q

What ligament splits the left and right lobe of the liver?

A

falciform

37
Q

What is the first part of the small intestine?

A

Duodenum

38
Q

What is the second art of the small intestine?

A

Jejunum

39
Q

What is the third part of the small intestine?

A

ileum

40
Q

What reflex stimulates motility and secretion of enzymes in the small intestine?

A

gastroenteric reflex

41
Q

How does material pass from the small to the large intestine?

A

The gastroileal reflex causes the opening of the ileocecal valve

42
Q

What cells aid the motility of the product moving through the large intestine?

A

Goblet cells which release mucus

Paramedic science - Anatomy and physiology (14 decks)

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