Gastrointestinal system - Anatomy

Question 1

How much saliva does the salivary glands produce?

Answer 1

1-1.5 a day

Question 2

What is saliva composed of?

Answer 2

99. 4% water

0. 6% electrolytes, buffers, antibodies and enzymes

Question 3

What large gland produces saliva?

Answer 3

Parotid gland, located in the upper part of the cheeks

Question 4

What small gland produces mucin?

Answer 4

Sublingual gland, located either side of the mouth, below the tongue

Question 5

What is mucin?

Answer 5

The viscous component of saliva

Question 6

What salivary gland is situated on the floor of the mouth, below the lower jaw?

Answer 6

Submandibular gland

Question 7

How long is the oesophagus?

Answer 7

0.18-0.25m

Question 8

Where does the oesophagus start and end, in terms of vertebrae and anatomical points?

Answer 8

cricoid cartilage (C6) to cardiosophageal sphincter of the stomach (T10)

Question 9

What is the upper portion of the oesophagus composed of?

Answer 9

Striated muscle

Question 10

What is the middle portion of the oesophagus composed of?

Answer 10

Striated and smooth muscle

Question 11

What is the lower portion of the oesophagus composed of?

Answer 11

Smooth muscle

Question 12

What nodes do the lymph in the superior third of the oesophagus drain into?

Answer 12

Deep cervical lymph nodes

Question 13

What nodes do the lymph in the middle third of the oesophagus drain into?

Answer 13

superior and posterior mediastinal nodes

Question 14

What nodes do the lymph in the lower third of the oesophagus drain into?

Answer 14

Left gastric and celiac nodes

Question 15

What larger vein does blood from the oesophagus move through?

Answer 15

Azygos vein

Question 16

What vein does the right azygos vein drain into?

Answer 16

Superior vena cava

Question 17

What vein does the left azygos vein drain into?

Answer 17

Left brachiocephalic vein

Question 18

What opening does the oesophagus pass through to reach the stomach?

Answer 18

Oesophageal Hiatus. An opening in the diaphragm

Question 19

What is the superior part of the stomach, where it meets the oesaphgaus?

Answer 19

Cardia

Question 20

What is the upper portion of the stomach called?

Answer 20

Fundus

Question 21

What is the lower portion of the stomach called?

Answer 21

Pylus

Question 22

What orifice does chyme from the stomach leave through?

Answer 22

Pyloric orifice

Question 23

How is the alkaline solution used to neutralised the chyme in the duodenum, produced?

Answer 23

Mix of bile produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder and enzymes produced by the pancreas

Question 24

What is the sphincter of oddi?

Answer 24

A controlled opening in the duodenum, for both the pancreatic and common bile duct

Question 25

What artery supplies the pancreas?

Answer 25

The splenic artery

Question 26

What cells are contained within pancreatic islets?

Answer 26

Alpha, beta, exocrine acinus

Question 27

What are the groups of cells contained within the pancreas?

Answer 27

pancreatic islets

Question 28

What cells in the pancreas produce and secrete the digestive enzymes?

Answer 28

Acinar cells

Question 29

What cells in the pancreas produce glucagon?

Answer 29

alpha cells

Question 30

What cells in the pancreas produce insulin?

Answer 30

beta cells

Question 31

What veins take blood from the liver?

Answer 31

Hepatic veins split from the inferior vena cava

Question 32

What arterys supply blood to the liver?

Answer 32

hepatic artery split from the abdominal aorta

Question 33

What is the portal triad?

Answer 33

triangular shape in the liver composed of three major components: the hepatic artery, the hepatic portal vein and the bile ducts.

Question 34

How is excess sugars stored?

Answer 34

lipogenesis coverts the excess sugar into fats

Question 35

What is Glycogenesis?

Answer 35

the process of forming glycogen from glucose

Question 36

What ligament splits the left and right lobe of the liver?

Answer 36

falciform

Question 37

What is the first part of the small intestine?

Answer 37

Duodenum

Question 38

What is the second art of the small intestine?

Answer 38

Jejunum

Question 39

What is the third part of the small intestine?

Answer 39

ileum

Question 40

What reflex stimulates motility and secretion of enzymes in the small intestine?

Answer 40

gastroenteric reflex

Question 41

How does material pass from the small to the large intestine?

Answer 41

The gastroileal reflex causes the opening of the ileocecal valve

Question 42

What cells aid the motility of the product moving through the large intestine?

Answer 42

Goblet cells which release mucus