Gastrointestinal System Flashcards
Digestive System Functions
Take in food, break down food, absorb digested molecules, provide nutrients, eliminate wastes.
Digestive Tract
tube extending from the mouth to the anus and the associated organs
Gastrointestinal Tract
Refers to only the stomach and intestines
Rugae
Folds in the stomach that increase its surface area
Pyloric Sphincter
Stomach exit
Accessory organs
contribute to the process of digestion. Food does not pass through these organs
Liver functions
Digestion, Excretion, Nutrient Storage, Nutrient Conversion, detoxification, synthesis of new molecules
Liver Digestion
Bile salts emulsify and help break down fats into fatty acids and glycerol
Liver Excretion
Bile contains excretory products from the hemoglobin breakdown
Liver Nutrient Storage
Removes sugar from the blood and stores fats, vitamins, copper, and iron
Liver Nutrient conversion
Converts some nutrients into others, Amino acids to lipids.
Liver Detoxification
Removes ammonia from the blooad and converts it to urea
Liver New Molecules
Synthesizes new blood proteins such as albumins.
Pancreas functions
Secretes Bicarbonate ions which neutralize acids.
Secretes digestive enzymes
Produces insulin and glucagon, regulate blood sugar
Gallbladder
nestled under the liver stores concentrated bile
Tounge
Large, muscular organ that occupies most of the oral cavity.
Parotid Salivary Gland
Large, Located in front of the ears
Submandibular Salivary Gland
Located below the mandible
Sublingual Salivary Gland
Smallest, Located in the bottom of oral cavity,
Saliva
mixture of serous (watery) and mucus fluids that contain digestive enzymes
Digestion
Breakdown of food into molecules that are small enough to be reabsorbed into the blood.
Mechanical Digestion
Breaks down large food particles into smaller ones. teeth tounge.
Chemical Digestion
Digestive enzymes break covalent chemical bonds into organic molecules
Carbohydrates
Broken down into monosaccharides
Proteins
Are broken down into amino Acids
Fats or lipids
Broken down into fatty acids and glycerol
What is small enough to diffuse across the membranes of the digestive system and enter the blood stream?
Monosaccharides, Amino Acids, Fatty Acids, and glycerol molecules
Absorption
Begins in the stomach with alcohol and aspirin. Most occurs in the duodenum and jejunum.
Amylase
Enzyme produced in the mouth and breaks down carbohydrates
Pepsin
Enzyme produced in the stomach and breaks down proteins
Lipase
Enzyme produced in the pancreas and secreted into the small intestine to break down lipids
Peptidase
Enzyme produced in the pancreases and secreted into the small intestine to break down peptides into amino acids
Sucrease
Enzyme produced in the small intestine and breaks down sucrose into glucose
Lactrase
Enzyme produced in the small intestine and breaks down lactose into glucose
Liver Cirrhosis
Disease characterized by damage or death of livers cells replaced by connective tissue
Liver hepatitits
inflammation of the liver.
Crohn’s Disease
Localized inflammatory degeneration that causes the wall of the small intestine to thicken
Ulcerative colitits
limited to the mucosa of the large intestine.
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
intestinal mobility is abnormal.
Malabsorption Syndrome
Spectrum of disorders of the small intestine that result in abnormal nutrient absorption
Appendicitis
Inflammation of the appendix that usually occurs because of an obstruction
