Gastrointestinal System

Question 1

Digestive System Functions

Answer 1

Take in food, break down food, absorb digested molecules, provide nutrients, eliminate wastes.

Question 2

Digestive Tract

Answer 2

tube extending from the mouth to the anus and the associated organs

Question 3

Gastrointestinal Tract

Answer 3

Refers to only the stomach and intestines

Question 4

Rugae

Answer 4

Folds in the stomach that increase its surface area

Question 5

Pyloric Sphincter

Answer 5

Stomach exit

Question 6

Accessory organs

Answer 6

contribute to the process of digestion. Food does not pass through these organs

Question 7

Liver functions

Answer 7

Digestion, Excretion, Nutrient Storage, Nutrient Conversion, detoxification, synthesis of new molecules

Question 8

Liver Digestion

Answer 8

Bile salts emulsify and help break down fats into fatty acids and glycerol

Question 9

Liver Excretion

Answer 9

Bile contains excretory products from the hemoglobin breakdown

Question 10

Liver Nutrient Storage

Answer 10

Removes sugar from the blood and stores fats, vitamins, copper, and iron

Question 11

Liver Nutrient conversion

Answer 11

Converts some nutrients into others, Amino acids to lipids.

Question 12

Liver Detoxification

Answer 12

Removes ammonia from the blooad and converts it to urea

Question 13

Liver New Molecules

Answer 13

Synthesizes new blood proteins such as albumins.

Question 14

Pancreas functions

Answer 14

Secretes Bicarbonate ions which neutralize acids.

Secretes digestive enzymes

Produces insulin and glucagon, regulate blood sugar

Question 15

Gallbladder

Answer 15

nestled under the liver stores concentrated bile

Question 16

Tounge

Answer 16

Large, muscular organ that occupies most of the oral cavity.

Question 17

Parotid Salivary Gland

Answer 17

Large, Located in front of the ears

Question 18

Submandibular Salivary Gland

Answer 18

Located below the mandible

Question 19

Sublingual Salivary Gland

Answer 19

Smallest, Located in the bottom of oral cavity,

Question 20

Saliva

Answer 20

mixture of serous (watery) and mucus fluids that contain digestive enzymes

Question 21

Digestion

Answer 21

Breakdown of food into molecules that are small enough to be reabsorbed into the blood.

Question 22

Mechanical Digestion

Answer 22

Breaks down large food particles into smaller ones. teeth tounge.

Question 23

Chemical Digestion

Answer 23

Digestive enzymes break covalent chemical bonds into organic molecules

Question 24

Carbohydrates

Answer 24

Broken down into monosaccharides

Question 25

Proteins

Answer 25

Are broken down into amino Acids

Question 26

Fats or lipids

Answer 26

Broken down into fatty acids and glycerol

Question 27

What is small enough to diffuse across the membranes of the digestive system and enter the blood stream?

Answer 27

Monosaccharides, Amino Acids, Fatty Acids, and glycerol molecules

Question 28

Absorption

Answer 28

Begins in the stomach with alcohol and aspirin. Most occurs in the duodenum and jejunum.

Question 29

Amylase

Answer 29

Enzyme produced in the mouth and breaks down carbohydrates

Question 30

Pepsin

Answer 30

Enzyme produced in the stomach and breaks down proteins

Question 31

Lipase

Answer 31

Enzyme produced in the pancreas and secreted into the small intestine to break down lipids

Question 32

Peptidase

Answer 32

Enzyme produced in the pancreases and secreted into the small intestine to break down peptides into amino acids

Question 33

Sucrease

Answer 33

Enzyme produced in the small intestine and breaks down sucrose into glucose

Question 34

Lactrase

Answer 34

Enzyme produced in the small intestine and breaks down lactose into glucose

Question 35

Liver Cirrhosis

Answer 35

Disease characterized by damage or death of livers cells replaced by connective tissue

Question 36

Liver hepatitits

Answer 36

inflammation of the liver.

Question 37

Crohn’s Disease

Answer 37

Localized inflammatory degeneration that causes the wall of the small intestine to thicken

Question 38

Ulcerative colitits

Answer 38

limited to the mucosa of the large intestine.

Question 39

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)

Answer 39

intestinal mobility is abnormal.

Question 40

Malabsorption Syndrome

Answer 40

Spectrum of disorders of the small intestine that result in abnormal nutrient absorption

Question 41

Appendicitis

Answer 41

Inflammation of the appendix that usually occurs because of an obstruction