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Pharmacology Drugs > Gastrointestinal Drugs > Flashcards

Gastrointestinal Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Famotidine

A
  • H2-histamine antagonist that decreases cAMP and decreased H+
  • results in decreased acid secretion and decreased pepsin due to increased pH
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2
Q

Indications for use of famotidine

A
  • ulcers due to gastritis

- ulcers due to gastrinomas

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3
Q

Misoprostol

A
  • prostaglandin EP3 receptor agonist that inhibits cAMP production and subsequently H+ production
  • results in decreased acid secretion
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4
Q

Indications for use of misoprostol

A
  • ulcer formation in dogs given NSAIDs
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5
Q

Omeprazole

A
  • protein pump inhibitor that inhibits H/KATPase

- results in reduced acid secretion and sets the gastric pH at >3

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6
Q

Indications for use of omeprazole

A
  • stress-related ulcers in horses
  • any condition requiring acid suppression in dogs

(slow onset of action)

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7
Q

Sucralfate

A
  • inactivates bile acids
  • results in decreased hydrolysis of mucosal cell proteins
  • increased prostanoid formation to increase mucosal cytoprotection
  • increased EGF accumulation around ulcer
  • increased gastric blood flow
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8
Q

Emetine

A
  • locally-acting emetic agent

- alkaloid in syrup of ipecac that irritates the gastric mucosa to elicit vomiting

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9
Q

Apomorphine

A
  • centrally-acting emetic agent
  • D2-dopamine receptor agonist
  • stimulates CNS vomiting center
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10
Q

Xylazine

A
  • centrally-acting emetic agent
  • stimulates alpha2-adrenergic receptors
  • stimulates CNS vomiting center
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11
Q

Famotidine

A
  • H2-histamine antagonist that leads to anti-emesis

- decreases acid output and lessens irritating effects of acid on stomach lining

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12
Q

Isopropamide and Glycopyrrolate

A
  • mAChR antagonist that leads to anti-emesis
  • decreases vagal afferent transmission to vomiting center
  • decreases GI muscle spasms
  • decreases GI secretions
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13
Q

Kaolin-pectin and Bismuth Subsalicylate (Pepto-bismol)

A
  • coating agents that are anti-emetic and antidiarrheal
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14
Q

Metoclopramide

A
  • blocks D2-dopamine receptors and stimulates gastric motility and prevents the relaxation of stomach that precedes vomiting
  • also a dopamine antagonist in CNS to inhibit emesis
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15
Q

Diphenhydramine and Meclizine

A
  • H1-histamine antagonist with anticholinergic activity

- reduces motion sickness by blocking CNS H1-histamine and muscarinic cholinergic receptors

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16
Q

Ondansetron

A
  • blocks type 3 serotonin receptors on gastric vagal afferent fibers
  • inhibits emesis in dogs associated with cancer chemotherapy or parvoviral infection
17
Q

Maropitant

A
  • block G protein-coupled type 1 neurokinin (substance P) receptors present in vomiting center
  • inhibits emesis associated with cancer chemotherapy, motion sickness, parvoviral infections, gastroenteritis, and renal disease
18
Q

Cisapride

A
  • partial agonist at type 4 serotonin receptors, increasing ACh release from enteric neurons to stimulate motility
  • stimulates motility throughout entire GI tract in dogs and cats
19
Q

Erythromycin

A
  • agonist at receptors in smooth muscle and gastroenteritic nerves for motilin
  • stimulates motility of stomach and upper small intestine
  • increases gastric emptying rate in dogs
20
Q

Lidocaine

A
  • blocks voltage-gated Na+ channels in enteric nerves

- stimulates intestinal motility

21
Q

Mannitol and Sorbitol

A
  • poorly absorbed in gut so draws water into intestinal tract and acts as a laxative
  • increased fecal volume = increased intestinal motility
22
Q

Bisacodyl

A
  • stimulates enteric sensory nerves and functions as a laxative
  • results in increased intestinal motility
  • decreased absorption of H2O and ions
23
Q

Pumpkin (yes the food)

A
  • forms a mass of non-digestible matter in the intestines, thus decreasing H2O absorption
24
Q

Mineral oil and Docusate Sodium

A
  • coats fecal surface with a hydrophobic film or increases surface tension of lumina fluid
  • leads to increased H2O content of feces
25
Q

Loperamide and Codeine

A
  • act through opioid receptors in intestinal wall and is antidiarrheal
  • result in decreased intestinal propulsion and increased segmentation
  • increases salt absorption and inhibits active anion secretion across intestinal epithelium

Pharmacology Drugs (10 decks)

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