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Bryant's Pharma > Gastrointestinal Drugs > Flashcards

Gastrointestinal Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Non pharmacologic measures for Antiemetics

A

a. Weak tea (ginger, chamomile,mint..)
b. Gatorade
c. Crackers
d. Toast

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2
Q

Acts directly to stomach to suppress gastric vomiting

A

Pharmacologic measures for Antiemetics

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3
Q

Examples: Nonprescription antiemetics

A

a. Antihistamines
b. Dimenhydrinate (Dramamine)
c. Diphenhydramine (benadryl)
d. Bismuth subsalicylate (pepto-bismol)

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4
Q

Side Effects: Non prescription antiemetics

A

a. Drowsiness
b. dry mouth
c. constipation

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5
Q

Prescriptive Antiemetics

A

a. Hydroxyzine (vistaril)
b. Promethazine (phenergan)

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6
Q

Example: Anticholinergic Prescriptive Antiemetics

A

a. Scopolamine

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7
Q

Example: Dopamine Antagonists

A

a. Phenothiazines
b. Promethazine (phergan)
c. Butyrophenones
d. Metoclopramide (Regian)

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8
Q

Side Effects: Promethazine

A

a. Drowsiness
b. dry mouth
c. blurred vision
d. tachycardia
e. constipation
f. urinary retention
g. photosensitivity
h. EPS (tardive dyskinesia, acute dystonia, akathisia)

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8
Q

Inhibit CTZ, blocks H1 receptor sites

A

Promethazine

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9
Q

blocks dopamine receptors (D2) receptors in CTZ

A

Butyrophenones

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10
Q

Blocks d2 receptors in CTZ

A

Metoclopramide (Regian)

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10
Q

Examples: Butyrophenones

A

a. Halopsine)eridol (haldol)
b. droperidol

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11
Q

Side Effects: Butyrophenones

A

a. EPS
b. hypotension

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12
Q

Side Effects: Metocloporamide

A

a. Sedation
b. diarrhea
c. EPS

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13
Q

Cancer chemotherapy
Used in combination with a glucocorticoid and serotonin 5-ht3 receptor antagonist

A

benzodiazepines

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14
Q

Example: Benzodiazepines

A

Lorazepam

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14
Q

What class is Ondansetron under

A

Serotonin Receptor Antagonist

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15
Q

Blocks serotonin receptors in CTZ and afferent vagal nerve terminals in UGI

A

Ondansetron

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16
Q

Side Effects: Ondansetron

A

a. Headache
b. diarrhea
c. dizziness
d. fatigue

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17
Q

Used for cancer chemotherapy

A

a. Serotonin Receptor Antagonist
b. Glucocorticoids

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18
Q

Examples: Glucocorticoids

A

a. Dexamethasone (Decadron)
b. Methylprednisolone (Solu-Medrol)

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19
Q

Act as antiemetics by binding to cannabinoid receptors in the brain, reducing nausea and vomiting by inhibiting the vomiting reflex

A

Cannabinoids

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20
Q

Example: Cannabinoids

A

Dronabinol (marinol)

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21
Q

Side Effects: Cannabinoids

A

a. Drowsiness
b. dizziness
c. euphoria
d. confusion

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22
Q

Are substances that induce vomiting by stimulating the vomiting center in the brain or irritating the stomach lining.

A

Emetics

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22
Q

Stimulates CTZ & acts directly on gastric mucosa to vomit

A

Ipecac (OTC)

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23
Q

Administration: Ipecac

A

Use ipecac syrup, not ipecac fluid extract

24
Q

Administration: Ipecac

A

Vomiting occurs in 15 to 30 mins

24
Q

Decrease hypermotility

A

Antidiarrheals

24
Q

Caution: Antidiarrheals

A

Should not be used for more than 2 days or if ever is present

24
Q

Types: Antidiarrheals

A

a. Opiates and opiate - related agents
b. Somatostatin analog
c. Adsorbents

25
Q

Opiates decrease GI motility

A

Opiates and Opiate - related agents

26
Q

Examples: Opiates and Opiate - related agents

A

a. Paregoric (camphorated opium tincture)
b. Diphenoxylate with atropine (Lomotil)
c. Loperamide (Imodium)

27
Q

Opiates may causee

A

Atropine

28
Q

soft to watery stool with cramping

A

Cathartic laxatives

29
Q

watery stool with cramping

A

Purgatives

30
Q

Types: Laxatives

A

a. Osmotic
b. Stimulants
c. Bulk-forming
d. Emollient (stool softeners)

31
Q

Increase peristalsis

A

Stimulant ( Irritant )

31
Q

Hyperosmolar salts pull water into colon, increase water in feces to increase bulk, which stimulates peristalsis

A

Osmotic (Saline) Laxatives

32
Q

Examples: Osmotic (Saline) Laxatives

A

a. Polyethylene glycol (GoLYTELY)
b. Lactulose (Chronulac)

33
Q

Examples: Stimulant ( Irritant )

A

a. Phenolphthalein (Ex-Law, Correctol)
b. Bisacodyl (Dulcolax)

33
Q

Side Effects: Stimulant ( Irritant )

A

a. reddish to brownish urine

34
Q

Results: Stimulant ( Irritant )

A

a. orally 6-12 hours
b. supp 15-60 mins

35
Q

Absorb water into intestines, increase bulk and peristalsis

A

Bulk Forming Laxatives

35
Q

Side Effects: Bulk Forming Laxatives

A

a. Abdominal cramps
b. Excess laxatives

35
Q

Result: Bulk Forming Laxatives

A

8 - 12 hours

36
Q

Examples: tranquilizers

A

a. Chlordiazepoxide and clidinium (Librax) is combination of anxiolytic / anticholinergic glycopyrrolate (robinul)

37
Q

a. Lowers surface tension
b. Promotes water accumulation in intestine
c. emulsifies and lubricates feces for easier passage

A

Emollients ( Stool Softeners )

37
Q

Side Effects: Emollients

A

a. Abdominal cramping
b. nausea
c. vomiting
d. diarrhea

38
Q

Pharmacologic measures for Anti ulcer drugs

A

a. Tranquilizers
b. Anticholinergic drugs
c. Antacids
d. Histamine 2 blockers
e. Proton pump inhibitors
f. Pepsin Inhibitor
g. Prostaglandin E1 analog

38
Q

Example: Emollients

A

Docusate ( colace )

38
Q

Use: Emollients

A

a. Prevents constipation
b. Reduces straining post surgery or myocardial infarction

38
Q

Reduces vagal stimulation, decreases anxiety

A

Tranquilizers

39
Q

Non pharmacologic measures for Anti ulcer drugs

A

a. Avoid tobacco
b. Avoid alcohol
c. Avoid hot, spicy, and greasy foods
d. Take any NSAIDS, including aspirin and oral glucocorticoids, with food or in decreased dosage
e. Sit upright
f. Do not eat before bedtime
g. Wear loose-fitting clothing

40
Q

Inhibits release of HCl by blocking acetylcholine and histamine

A

Anticholinergic drugs

40
Q

Examples: Anticholinergic Drugs

A

a. Propantheline (Pro-Banthine)

41
Q

Neutralize gastric acid, reduce pepsin activity

A

Antacids

42
Q

Examples: Antacids

A

a. Aluminum (AL) hydroxide (Amphojel)
b. Magnesium (mg) / aluminum hydroxide (Maalox)
c. Sodium bicarbonate (Alka-seltzer

43
Q

Reduce gastric acid by inhibiting hydrogen/potassium ATPase

A

Proton Pump Inhibitors

43
Q

Examples: Histamine 2 blockers

A

a. Tidine family
b. Cimetidine (tagamet)
c. ranitidine (zantac)
d. Famotidine (pepcid)
e. nizatidine (axid)

43
Q

Reduce stomach acid production by blocking histamine receptors in the stomach lining, which helps prevent and heal ulcers

A

Histamine 2 blockers

44
Q

Examples: Proton Pump Inhibitors

A

a. Prazole family
b. Esomeprazole (nexium)
c. Pantoprazole (protonix)
d. Omeprazole (prilosec)
e. Lansoprazole (prevacid)

45
Q

Example: Prostaglandin E1 analog

A

a. Misoprostol (cytotec)

45
Q

Examples: Pepsin Inhibitor

A

a. Sucralfate (carafate)

45
Q

Combines with protein to form thick paste covering ulcer, protects from acid and pepsin

A

Pepsin Inhibitor

46
Q

Inhibits gastric acid secretion and protects mucosa

A

Prostaglandin E1 analog

47
Q

Nursing Interventions: Anti Ulcer Drugs

A

Administer drugs before meals or at bedtime to decrease food induced acid secretion

Bryant's Pharma (5 decks)

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