Cardiac Glycosides, Antianginals and Antidysrhythmics

Question 1

Inhibit the Na-K pump and increasing intracellular calcium

Answer 1

Glycosides

Question 2

Increase myocardial contraction

Answer 2

Positive inotropic contraction

Question 3

Negative chronotropic contraction

Answer 3

Decreased heart rate

Question 4

Example : Digoxin

Answer 4

Increasing the strength of heart muscle contractions and controlling irregular heart rhythms

Question 5

Contraindicated for

Answer 5

Ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation

Question 6

Normal Therapeutic level: Digoxin

Answer 6

0.5 - 2ng / ml

Question 7

Side effects : Digoxin

Answer 7

a. Weakness
b. Drowsiness

Question 8

Digitalis toxicity

Answer 8

a. anorexia
b. bradycardia

Question 9

Antidote for digitalis toxicity

Answer 9

immune Fab (ovine, digibind)

Question 10

Half life of digoxin and digitoxin

Answer 10

a. 36 hours
b. 4-9 hours

Question 11

What to monitor for Digoxin

Answer 11

Pulse

Question 12

2nd class of drugs that act as cardiotonic agents (inotropic)

Answer 12

Phosphodiesterase inhibitor

Question 13

Milrinone

Answer 13

Only drug available as phosphodiesterase inhibitor

Question 14

short term treatment of HF

Answer 14

Milrinone

Question 15

Contraindication : Milrinone

Answer 15

Allergy to drugs

Question 16

Adverse Effects: Milrinone

Answer 16

Ventricular arrhythmias

Question 17

avoid milrinone with furosemide since it causes

Answer 17

precipitation

Question 18

For patient who is suffering from angina pectoris

Answer 18

Antianginal agents

Question 19

Nitrates

Answer 19

Cause vasodilation due to relaxation of smooth muscles and help in treatment and management of angina

Question 20

Examples: Nitrates

Answer 20

a. Nitroglycerin (Nitrobid, Nitrostat)
b. Isosorbide dinitrate
c. Isosorbide mononitrate

Question 21

Side Effects: Nitrates

Answer 21

a. Headache
b. weakness
c. dizziness

Question 22

a. Block beta adrenergic receptors;
b. Decreases the HR;
c. Resulting: decreased myocardial oxygen demand

Answer 22

Beta blockers

Question 23

Indications : Nitrates

Answer 23

Antianginal

Question 24

Side Effects: Beta blockers

Answer 24

a. Dizziness
b. Fatigue
c. Mental depression

Question 25

Blocks the binding of calcium to its receptors and decreased myocardial oxygen demand

Answer 25

Calcium channel blockers

Question 26

Indications: Calcium Channel Blocker

Answer 26

First in line agent for treatment of angina

Question 27

Side Effects: Calcium Channel Blockers

Answer 27

a. Dizziness b. Lightheadedness c. Headache d. Hypotension

Question 28

Examples: Calcium channel blockers

Answer 28

a. Verapamil (calan) b. Diltiazem c. Nifedipine

Question 29

Intervention: Beta Blockers

Answer 29

Monitor pulse rate daily and report any rate lower than 60 beats per minute

Question 30

Affect the action potentials of cardiac cells by altering their automaticity conductivity or both

Answer 30

antiarrhytmic AGENTS

Question 31

Hypersensitivity: Antiarrhytmic

Answer 31

a.Nausea b. Blurred Vision

Question 32

Class for Fast sodium channel blockers

Answer 32

CLASS I

Question 33

Example: CLASS 1

Answer 33

Moricizine

Question 34

MOA: delay repolarization and block sodium channels

Answer 34

CLASS 1A

Question 35

Examples: Class 1A

Answer 35

a. Quinidine b. procainamide c. disopyramide

Question 36

MOA: Block sodium channels and accelerate repolarization

Answer 36

CLASS 1B

Question 36

Examples: Class 1b

Answer 36

a. Tocainide b. mexiletine c. phenytoin d. lidocaine

Question 37

MOA: Depress phase 4 depolarization, reduce or block symphathetic nervous system stimulation, reduce transmission of impulses in the heart's conduction system and are beta blockers

Answer 37

CLASS II

Question 37

Examples: CLASS II

Answer 37

a. atenolol b. esmolol c. petaprolol d. propranolol

Question 38

MOA: prolong repolarization in phase 3

Answer 38

Class III

Question 39

Examples: Class III

Answer 39

a. Amiodarone b. bretylium c. sotalol d. ibutilide

Question 40

Examples: Class IV

Answer 40

a. Verapamil b. diltiazem

Question 40

MOA: depress phase 4 depolarization

Answer 40

Class IV

Question 41

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Antiarrhytmics

Answer 41

a. Diarrhea b. Headache