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Bryant's Pharma > Cardiovascular Drugs > Flashcards

Cardiovascular Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

cause unknown in hypertension

A

primary

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2
Q

cause is known in hypertension

A

secondary

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3
Q

cause smooth muscle relaxation

A

calcium channel blocker

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4
Q

Blocks the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II; an angiotensin II receptor blocker; blocking effects of angiotensin on blood vessels

A

ACE inhibitors

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5
Q

Block the alpha 1 adrenergic receptors that leads to decreased blood pressure

A

ALPHA 1 BLOCKERS ( PERIPHERALLY ACTING )

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6
Q

Zosin family

A

Alpha 1 blockers

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7
Q

Treatment of hypertension

A

Alpha 1 blockers

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8
Q

a. Decreased response to decrease basal sympathetic tone that leads to decreased blood pressure
b. Decreased vascular resistance and heart rate due to blocking go beta 1 receptor

A

Beta Adrenergic Blockers

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9
Q

Lol family

A

Beta blockers

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10
Q

can potentially increase the blood glucose concentration

A

Beta blockers

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11
Q

Stimulate alpha2-adrenergic that leads to decreased blood pressure

A

Central-Acting Adrenergics

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12
Q

Examples: Central Acting Adrenergics

A

Methyldopa - drug of choice for hypertension in pregnancy

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13
Q

Adrenergic Neural blockers

A

a. Inhibit release of norepinephrine which leads to decreased blood pressure

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14
Q

Examples: Adrenergic neural Blockers (peripherally acting)

A

a. Reserpine
b. Guanadrel
c. Guanethidine

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15
Q

Side Effects: Adrenergic neural Blockers (peripherally acting)

A

a. Dry mouth
b. Drowsiness
c. Sedation
d. Constipation
e. Headache

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16
Q

Often used as first line agents for CHF and hypertension

A

ACE Inhibitors

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17
Q

Decreased systemic vascular resistance (afterload), vasodilation, and therefore decreased blood pressure

A

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) inhibitors

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18
Q

Examples: ACE Inhibitors

A

a. Captopril
b. Enalapril
c. Lisinopril & quinapril

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19
Q

half life of captopril

A

short

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20
Q

half life of enalapril

A

only ace inhibitor available in oral and parenteral form

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21
Q

half life of lisinopril & Quinapril

A

long

22
Q

Side Effects of ACE Inhibitors

A

fatigue

23
Q

Angiotensin II Receptor Blocker

A

a. block the receptors that receive angiotensin II
b. Block vasoconstriction and release of aldosterone

24
Q

Sartan family

A

Angiotensin II receptor blockers

25
Q

Blocks the binding of calcium to its receptors

A

Calcium channel blocker

26
Q

Examples: Calcium channel blocker

A

a. diltiazem
b. verapamil
c. amlodipine
d. bepridil
e. nicardipine
f. nifedipine
g. nimodipine

27
Q

half life of amlodipine

A

36-48 hours

28
Q

Indications of calcium channel blockers

A

angina

29
Q

Contraindications of calcium channel blockers

A

Heart Block

30
Q

a. Decrease the plasma and extracellular fluid volume
b. Decrease the workload of the heart, and decreased blood pressure

A

Antihypertensive agents: Diuretics

31
Q

Act directly on the ascending limb of the loop of Henle to inhibit sodium and chloride resorption

A

LOOP DIURETICS

32
Q

Examples: Loop Diuretics

A

a. Bumetanide
b. Ethacrynic acid
c. Furosemide

33
Q

Potent diuresis and subsequent loss of fluid would decrease fluid volume which causes

A

Reduced BP

34
Q

Side Effects: Loop diuretics

A

a. CNS
b. GI
c. Hematologic
d. Metabolic

35
Q

Side effects of furosemide

A

hypokalemia

36
Q

POTASSIUM-SPARING DIURETICS

A

a. Work in collecting ducts and distal convoluted tubules
b. Block the resorption of sodium and water usually induced by aldosterone

37
Q

Side effects of Spironolactone

A

Hyperkalemia

38
Q

Increase the osmolality (concentration) of plasma and fluid in the renal tubules resulting to = excretion of:
Na, chloride, K, and water

A

Osmotic Diuretics

39
Q

Most common prescribed osmotic diuretic

A

Mannitol

40
Q

Use: Osmotic Diuretics

A

a. decreases ICP and IOP

41
Q

Side Effects : Manittol

A

a. dry mouth
b. excessive thirst

41
Q

Contraindications of Osmotic Diuretics

A

Anuria

42
Q

Decreased systemic vascular response, decreased afterload, and Peripheral Vasodilation occurs

A

Vasodilator

43
Q

hyperstat

A

Diazoxide

44
Q

Are reserved for the management of
hypertensive emergencies

A

Sodium nitroprusside and diazoxide IV

45
Q

Examples: Vasodilators

A

a. diazoxide
b. hydralazine HCI
c. minoxidil
d. sodium nitroprusside

46
Q

Side Effects: hydralazine HCL

A

a. dizziness
b. headache

47
Q

Side Effects: Sodium nitroprusside

A

a. bradycardia
b. hypotension
c. possible cyanide toxicity

48
Q
A
49
Q
A
50
Q
A
51
Q
A

Bryant's Pharma (5 decks)

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