Cardiovascular Drugs

Question 1

cause unknown in hypertension

Answer 1

primary

Question 2

cause is known in hypertension

Answer 2

secondary

Question 3

cause smooth muscle relaxation

Answer 3

calcium channel blocker

Question 4

Blocks the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II; an angiotensin II receptor blocker; blocking effects of angiotensin on blood vessels

Answer 4

ACE inhibitors

Question 5

Block the alpha 1 adrenergic receptors that leads to decreased blood pressure

Answer 5

ALPHA 1 BLOCKERS ( PERIPHERALLY ACTING )

Question 6

Zosin family

Answer 6

Alpha 1 blockers

Question 7

Treatment of hypertension

Answer 7

Alpha 1 blockers

Question 8

a. Decreased response to decrease basal sympathetic tone that leads to decreased blood pressure
b. Decreased vascular resistance and heart rate due to blocking go beta 1 receptor

Answer 8

Beta Adrenergic Blockers

Question 9

Lol family

Answer 9

Beta blockers

Question 10

can potentially increase the blood glucose concentration

Answer 10

Beta blockers

Question 11

Stimulate alpha2-adrenergic that leads to decreased blood pressure

Answer 11

Central-Acting Adrenergics

Question 12

Examples: Central Acting Adrenergics

Answer 12

Methyldopa - drug of choice for hypertension in pregnancy

Question 13

Adrenergic Neural blockers

Answer 13

a. Inhibit release of norepinephrine which leads to decreased blood pressure

Question 14

Examples: Adrenergic neural Blockers (peripherally acting)

Answer 14

a. Reserpine
b. Guanadrel
c. Guanethidine

Question 15

Side Effects: Adrenergic neural Blockers (peripherally acting)

Answer 15

a. Dry mouth
b. Drowsiness
c. Sedation
d. Constipation
e. Headache

Question 16

Often used as first line agents for CHF and hypertension

Answer 16

ACE Inhibitors

Question 17

Decreased systemic vascular resistance (afterload), vasodilation, and therefore decreased blood pressure

Answer 17

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) inhibitors

Question 18

Examples: ACE Inhibitors

Answer 18

a. Captopril
b. Enalapril
c. Lisinopril & quinapril

Question 19

half life of captopril

Answer 19

short

Question 20

half life of enalapril

Answer 20

only ace inhibitor available in oral and parenteral form

Question 21

half life of lisinopril & Quinapril

Answer 21

long

Question 22

Side Effects of ACE Inhibitors

Answer 22

fatigue

Question 23

Angiotensin II Receptor Blocker

Answer 23

a. block the receptors that receive angiotensin II
b. Block vasoconstriction and release of aldosterone

Question 24

Sartan family

Answer 24

Angiotensin II receptor blockers

Question 25

Blocks the binding of calcium to its receptors

Answer 25

Calcium channel blocker

Question 26

Examples: Calcium channel blocker

Answer 26

a. diltiazem b. verapamil c. amlodipine d. bepridil e. nicardipine f. nifedipine g. nimodipine

Question 27

half life of amlodipine

Answer 27

36-48 hours

Question 28

Indications of calcium channel blockers

Answer 28

angina

Question 29

Contraindications of calcium channel blockers

Answer 29

Heart Block

Question 30

a. Decrease the plasma and extracellular fluid volume b. Decrease the workload of the heart, and decreased blood pressure

Answer 30

Antihypertensive agents: Diuretics

Question 31

Act directly on the ascending limb of the loop of Henle to inhibit sodium and chloride resorption

Answer 31

LOOP DIURETICS

Question 32

Examples: Loop Diuretics

Answer 32

a. Bumetanide b. Ethacrynic acid c. Furosemide

Question 33

Potent diuresis and subsequent loss of fluid would decrease fluid volume which causes

Answer 33

Reduced BP

Question 34

Side Effects: Loop diuretics

Answer 34

a. CNS b. GI c. Hematologic d. Metabolic

Question 35

Side effects of furosemide

Answer 35

hypokalemia

Question 36

POTASSIUM-SPARING DIURETICS

Answer 36

a. Work in collecting ducts and distal convoluted tubules b. Block the resorption of sodium and water usually induced by aldosterone

Question 37

Side effects of Spironolactone

Answer 37

Hyperkalemia

Question 38

Increase the osmolality (concentration) of plasma and fluid in the renal tubules resulting to = excretion of: Na, chloride, K, and water

Answer 38

Osmotic Diuretics

Question 39

Most common prescribed osmotic diuretic

Answer 39

Mannitol

Question 40

Use: Osmotic Diuretics

Answer 40

a. decreases ICP and IOP

Question 41

Side Effects : Manittol

Answer 41

a. dry mouth b. excessive thirst

Question 41

Contraindications of Osmotic Diuretics

Answer 41

Anuria

Question 42

Decreased systemic vascular response, decreased afterload, and Peripheral Vasodilation occurs

Answer 42

Vasodilator

Question 43

hyperstat

Answer 43

Diazoxide

Question 44

Are reserved for the management of hypertensive emergencies

Answer 44

Sodium nitroprusside and diazoxide IV

Question 45

Examples: Vasodilators

Answer 45

a. diazoxide b. hydralazine HCI c. minoxidil d. sodium nitroprusside

Question 46

Side Effects: hydralazine HCL

Answer 46

a. dizziness b. headache

Question 47

Side Effects: Sodium nitroprusside

Answer 47

a. bradycardia b. hypotension c. possible cyanide toxicity