Gastrointestinal conditions

Question 1

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)
1—Acid reflux into the esophagus associated with pain
2– From lower esophageal sphincter (LES) problems: does not close properly or opens spontaneously
3– Often referred to as heartburn or acid indigestion
4—Medical Complications:
— Prolonged erosive disease can result in ______ and esophageal erosions, ulcerations, scaring etc.
—–Major concern is development of ______ ______
– Cells lining the distal esophagus become abnormal, premalignant - responsible for rise in incidence of
esophageal cancers—Controlling weight
–CHEW GUM HELPS

Answer 1

esophagitis

Barrett’s Esophagus

Question 2

Gluten Enteropathy (Celiac Disease)

1—Cell mediated hypersensitivity reaction to gluten
2– Gluten: a protein found predominantly in wheat but also in barley, rye and less so in oat
3– Gluten triggers an autoimmune inflammatory response against the small intestinal mucosa and a general systemic response
4– When severe, can lead to an almost complete villous
atrophy and ________ (esp. in prox. ______ intestine)
5–50% of celiac patients may be overweight upon
presentation with few or no obvious symptoms
6—-Considered a chronic condition and requires a lifelong omission of gluten from the diet
7–NOTE: continuing to eat gluten increases risk of developing lymphomas and other malignancies
8–– Gluten can cause mucosal changes within hours
9– Overt symptoms may take 8 weeks or more to reappear or may remain latent
10–Most patients report benefit within 2-8 weeks of
starting a gluten free diet

Answer 2

malabsorption

SMALL

Question 3

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)

1—Affects up to ____% of the population
– Responsible for up to ___% of referrals to gastroenterologists – most common reason for GI consult
2–Symptoms: Cramps, abdominal pain and diarrhea, constipation or cycles of both
3–– Probiotics are effective for IBS

Answer 3

25

50