Anthropometric Measurements Flashcards
Proper technique is CRITICAL in order to obtain accurate data
KNOW
_________ = One of the most important measurements in nutritional assessment
Electronic or balance beam scale is optimal: ensure regular ____________
• BMI
• Body frame size
• Circumference
• Length / Height
Use of ________ _________ for infant, child and adolescents
The standard for assessing physical growth from birth to age 20
Weight
calibration
Growth Charts
A PERSON’S HEIGHT AND THE MEASURE OF HIS WRIST WILL DETERMINE THE BODY FRAME SIZE
KNOW
Waist Circumference = Assesses intra-abdominal fat content
Measure distance around the smallest area BELOW the rib cage and ABOVE the umbilicus/ at the top of the iliac crest
MEN: > ____ inches ( > 102 cm)
WOMEN: > ____ inches ( > 88 cm)
NOTE: Measurements NOT useful for those with BMI of ____ or above OR less than ____ inches tall
Measurements outside of normal are an independent risk factor for disease.
40
35
35
60
Disease risk for type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and CVD:
Increased waist circumference can also be a marker for increased risk even in persons of NORMAL weight!!
KNOW
Index of Central Obesity (ICO):
Waist to height ratio (WHtR)
The use of the WHtR is supported as a better predictor of _________ OR _________ disease risk than WC and BMI
“Limit your waist size to less than half of your height.”
diabetes or cardiovascular
Skinfold Measurements
• Most commonly used method of measuring body fat
• Measure of thickness of a double fold of skin and compressed subcutaneous adipose tissue
• Bases total body fat estimates on assumption that ___% of body fat is subcutaneous
• Advantages:
–Inexpensive and portable
• Limitations:
–Require careful site selection and strict adherence to standardized technique – _____ _______ common
–Not as effective for the obese or very thin
50
technique error
Skinfold Caliper is used
•
Adults: Either a 7 or 3 site skinfold may be assessed
7 Site Skinfold: 1–chest 2–triceps 3–subscapular 4–axilla 5–suprailiac 6–abdomen 7–thigh
KNOW
3 Site Skinfold:
Women: - _________ &________ and thigh
Men: - _________&_________ and thigh
Triceps, suprailiac
Chest, abdomen
_________ is most commonly used single skinfold site
Represents a VERY rough estimate only
Used more for comparisons (research) then for estimating body fat.
Triceps
In young patients (ages ___TO____): Sum of 2 sites is often used
- triceps and subscapular OR,
- triceps and medial calf **
6—20
The 3 Site Skinfold for Men
• SITE 1 - Chest
–A diagonal fold taken one half of the distance between the nipple and the ________ auxiliary
• SITE 2 - Abdominal
–A vertical skinfold measurement taken 2.5 cm (one inch) to the right of the ________
• SITE 3 - Thigh
– A vertical skinfold measurements taken half the distance between the _________ and the inguinal crease
–The leg should be straight and relaxed
anterior
umbilicus
patella
The 3 Site Skinfold for Women
• SITE 1 - Triceps
–With the arm resting comfortably at the side, take a vertical fold parallel to the long axis of the arm midway between the _________ __________ and the tip of the elbow (olecranon process)
•SITE 2 - Suprailiac
–Take a diagonal fold following the natural line of the ______ _________, just above the hip bone
•SITE 3 - Thigh
–A vertical skinfold measurement taken half the distance between the patella and the inguinal crease (the skin crease between the thigh and the hip)
–The leg should be straight and relaxed
acromion process
iliac crest
Skinfold (SKF) Measurement Technique
•Take all SKF measurements on ________ SIDE of the body
The fold is _______ 1 cm (or ½ inch) above the site to be measured
RIGHT
lifted
SKF Measurement
Place the jaws of the caliper perpendicular to the fold, approx. 1 cm below the thumb and index finger
•Release the jaw pressure slowly
•Take measurement __ seconds AFTER pressure is released
•Measurement should be recorded to the nearest 1 mm
•Take a minimum of ___measurements at each site
—If values vary from each other by >10%, take additional measurements
—-Wait at least 15 sec b/w measurements to allow skin to return to normal
•Take SKF measurements in a ________ _______ rather than consecutive readings at each site
–Take the SKF measurements when skin is dry and lotion- free
–Do not measure SKFs immediately after physical activity because of fluid shifts to the skin
4
2
rotational order
Each measurement should be taken ____-____ times
The recorded score is the median value of the 3 scores
2-3
Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA)
•Undetectable, harmless electric current is introduced
–Opposed by non-conducting tissue (____)
–Transmitted by electrolytes in water (____ ____ ____)
•Since fat is a very poor conductor of electricity, a lot of fat will impede the current more than a lot of lean tissue
FAT
fat-free tissue
Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA)
• Opposition to current is called __________
Composed of resistance and reactance
• By measuring the ________ to the current, the machine estimates the percent body fat
impedance
resistance
BIA Pre-test Patient Guidelines
- No eating or drinking within ___-hr of the test
- No moderate or vigorous exercise within __-hr of the test
- Void completely within ___ min of the test
4
12
30
BIA Pre-test Patient Guidelines
- Abstain from alcohol consumption within __-hr of the test
- Do not ingest ______, including caffeine, before the assessment unless they are prescribed by a physician
- If female patient is in a stage of menstrual cycle during which she perceives she is retaining water, POSTPONE testing
48
diuretics
Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA)
–Tends to _______ lean people and ________ obese people
–The accuracy is dependant on multiple variables which may be hard to control
overestimate
underestimate
Growth Charts
Consist of a series of percentile curves that illustrate the distribution of selected body measurements in children
Have been used by pediatricians, nurses, and parents to track the growth of infants, children, and adolescents in the US since 1977
——Monitors ________ and
——Identifies potential ________ or nutrition-related problems (screening tool)
•Not intended as a sole diagnostic instrument
•Contribute to forming an overall clinical impression
growth
health
“New” 2000 Growth Charts
- Include BMI for age charts for boys & girls ages __-___
- Are more racially and ethnically diverse then older charts from 1977
2–20
Understanding Growth Charts
•Charts are NOT used to identify ___OR___ children
•Used to assess growth rate and trends
—5th and 95th percentiles are cutoff points
—Crossing ___ lines for weight (i.e. from 75th -25th percentile) warrants assessment - i.e. failure to thrive (FTT)
short or tall
2
