Gastrointestinal

Question 1

Acute cholestatic

hepatitis, jaundice

Answer 1

Causal agents: Macrolides (eg, erythromycin)

Question 2

Diarrhea

Answer 2

Causal agents: Acamprosate, antidiabetic agents (acarbose,
metformin, pramlintide), colchicine,
cholinesterase inhibitors, lipid-lowering
agents (eg, ezetimibe, orlistat), macrolides (eg,
erythromycin), SSRIs

Question 3

Focal to massive

hepatic necrosis

Answer 3

Causal agents: Halothane, Amanita phalloides (death cap
mushroom), Valproic acid, Acetaminophen

Note: Liver “HAVAc”

Question 4

Hepatitis

Answer 4

Causal agents: Rifampin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, statins,

fibrates

Question 5

Pancreatitis

Answer 5

Causal agents: Didanosine, Corticosteroids, Alcohol, Valproic
acid, Azathioprine, Diuretics (eg, furosemide,
HCTZ)

Note: Drugs Causing A Violent Abdominal Distress

Question 6

Pill-induced

esophagitis

Answer 6

Causal agents: Bisphosphonates, ferrous sulfate, NSAIDs,
potassium chloride, tetracyclines

Note: Caustic effect minimized with upright posture
and adequate water ingestion

Question 7

Pseudomembranous

colitis

Answer 7

Causal agents: Ampicillin, cephalosporins, clindamycin,
fluoroquinolones

Note: Antibiotics predispose to superinfection by
resistant C difficile