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FHP - Tri 2 > Gastrointestinal > Flashcards

Gastrointestinal Flashcards

1
Q

What are the main components of the ailmentary tract?

A 
Mouth 
Pharynx 
Oesophagus 
Stomach 
Small Intestine 
Large Intestine
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2
Q

What are the accessory organs to digestion?

A 
Teeth
Tongue 
Salivary Glands 
Liver 
Gall bladder 
Pancreas
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3
Q

What does the digestion system function to do?

A

To breakdown and absorb food

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4
Q

What are the two types of ‘digestion’

A

Mechanical (chewing, mixing and propulsion)

Chemical (Large molecules –> small molecules via enzymes etc)

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5
Q

Describe absorption

A

Digestion products are absorbed by epithelial cells in the gut from there, nutrients are transferred into the blood, these vessels deliver nutrients to the tissues.

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6
Q

What are the 6 layers of the gut wall in order?

A 
Epithelium 
Lamina propria 
Muscularis mucosa 
Submucosa 
Muscularis (inner (circular)) (outer (longitudinal)) 
Serosa
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7
Q

What muscular movement propels food within the alimentary tract?

A

Peristalsis

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8
Q

Does any digestion or absorption occur in the oesophagus?

A

No

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9
Q

What is the lower esophageal sphincter and what does it do?

A

It is a ring of smooth muscle that controls the entry of food to the stomach and preventing acid reflux

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10
Q

What are the 4 main regions of the stomach?

A

Fundus
Cardia
Body
Pyloris

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11
Q

What occurs in the cardia of the stomach?

A

Mucus secretion

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12
Q

What occurs in the fundus of the stomach?

A

Secretion of HCl and enzymes

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13
Q

What occurs in the Body of the stomach?

A

Secretion of HCl and enzymes

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14
Q

What does the pyloric sphincter do?

A

controls the exit of chyme to duodenum

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15
Q

What are the 4 main things that occur in the stomach?

A
  1. Food storage
  2. Mechanical digestion
  3. Chemical digestion
  4. Peristalsis
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16
Q

What does mucus/mucus surface cells in the stomach do?

A

Protects the stomach wall from the effects of the stomach acid

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17
Q

What do neck cells produce?

A

mucus

18
Q

What do parietal cells secrete?

A

HCl and intrinsic factor

19
Q

What do chief cells secrete?

A

Digestive enzymes (pepsinogen) HCl catalyses conversion to pepsin

20
Q

What do the enteroendocrine cells do?

A

The secrete gastrin which stimulates HCl acid production

21
Q

Is pancreatic juice acid or alkaline? Why is it the pH it is?

A

alkaline

to buffer acidic chyme

22
Q

What digestive enzymes does pancreatic juice contain?

A

Amylase
Trypsin
Chymotripsin
Lipase

23
Q

What two factors control the release of enzymes in pancreatic juice?

A

Secretin and CCK

24
Q

Where is bile produced?

A

Liver

25
Q

Where is bile stored?

A

Gallbladder

26
Q

What 3 things make up bile?

A

Water
Bile salts
Bile pigments (billirubin)

27
Q

What control is bile secretion under?

A

Hormonal (CCK) causing contraction of gallbladder

28
Q

What is the stimulus for bile secretion?

A

Chyme in the duodenum

29
Q

What are the three parts of the small intestine?

A

Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum

30
Q

Where does most digestion and absorption take place?

A

Jejunum

31
Q

What are lacteals?

A

Lymphatic vessels in the villi

32
Q

What 3 things increase the small intestines surface area?

A

Length
Villi
Microvilli

33
Q

How is mechanical digestion performed locally in the small intestine?

A

Segmentation

34
Q

What is segmentation in the S.I.?

A

Localised non propulsive movement of the gut that mixes chyme and gut enzymes and brings it in contact with the mucosa

35
Q

What are the 4 main parts of the L.I.?

A

Caecum, Colon, Rectum, Anus

36
Q

What are the four subdivisions of the colon?

A

Ascending, Transverse, Descending and Sigmoid

37
Q

What occurs in the large intestine?

A

Final digestion and absorption
Formation and expulsion of faeces
Gas production (bacteria)

38
Q

How are glucose and galactose absorbed?

A

Secondary active transport

39
Q

What is secondary active transport?

A

The use of ATP and a co transporting molecule (such as sodium)
The sugar and Na must both bind to the transport molecule

40
Q

How is fructose absorbed?

A

Facilitated diffusion

FHP - Tri 2 (8 decks)

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