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FHP - Tri 2 > Energy > Flashcards

Energy Flashcards

1
Q

What does energy metabolism create?

A

ATP

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2
Q

How many phosphate groups does one ATP molecule have?

A

3

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3
Q

Where is the energy stored in ATP molecules?

A

The bonds to the PO4 groups

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4
Q

What is created when ATP is broken down?

A

ATP –> ADP + P + energy

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5
Q

How is energy gained from lipids?

A

Beta-oxidation

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6
Q

How is energy gained from Carbohydrates?

A

Glycolysis

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7
Q

How is energy obtained from Proteins?

A

Deamination

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8
Q

How many ATP does the Krebs cycle DIRECTLY produce?

A

2

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9
Q

Which two energy rich donor molecules does the Krebs cycle create?

A

NADH

FADH2

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10
Q

Where do NADH and FADH2 donate electrons?

A

Electron Transport Chain (ETC)

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11
Q

How many ATP molecules are created from glucose metabolism?

A

36

2 Krebs, 2 Glycolyis, 32 ETC

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12
Q

What are the stages in glucose metabolism?

A
  1. Glycolysis
  2. Pyruvate
  3. Acetyl-CoA
  4. Krebs cycle
  5. ETC
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13
Q

What are the stages in AEROBIC lipid metabolism?

A
  1. Lipids
  2. Glycerol + 3 fatty acids
  3. Beta-oxidation
  4. Acetyl-CoA
  5. Krebs cycle
  6. ETC
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14
Q

How many ATP does fat metabolism yield from one molecule?

A

438

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15
Q

What are the stages in protein metabolism?

A
  1. Protein
  2. Amino Acids
  3. Deamination (Ammonia - Urea - Urine)
  4. Acetyl-CoA –> Krebs
  5. 1 DIRECTLY into krebs
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16
Q

When is protein metabolism used?

A
  • Sustained intense exercise

- Starvation

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17
Q

What is the ETC

A

The controlled release of energy as electrons move from carrier molecules (cytochromes) from high to low energy. The energy released is used for ATP synthesis

18
Q

What’s the byproduct of the ETC?

A

Water

19
Q

What are the 4 main functions that require energy?

A
  • Muscle contraction
  • Protein synthesis
  • Active transport
  • Maintaining body temperature
20
Q

What is energy balance?

A

When intake = expenditure

21
Q

What are the energy intakes from each source (kcal/g)

A
  1. CHO - 3.75
  2. Protein - 4
  3. Alcohol - 7
  4. Fat - 9
22
Q

What is the equation to calculate BMI?

A

weight (kg)/height (m2)

23
Q

Name 6 health risks of obesity

A
  • CV disease
  • Cancers
  • Diabetes (type 2)
  • Joint problems
  • Respiratory problems
  • Psychological
24
Q

How much energy do males need per day

A

2600kcal/day

25
Q

How much energy do females need per day

A

2080kcal/day

26
Q

What is TEE?

A

Total energy expenditure (TEE/day)

27
Q

What are the main 3 means of energy expenditure

A
  1. BMR
  2. Physical Activity
  3. Thermic effect of food
28
Q

What % of TEE is BMR

A

60-70%

29
Q

What is BMR

A

Minimal energy needed to survive

30
Q

What % of TEE is physical activity

A

~15-30%

31
Q

What is TEE in physical activity dependent on

A

Duration and Intensity

32
Q

What % of TEE is the Thermic effect of food

A

10%

33
Q

How does EE change with food?

A

Increases

34
Q

What are the four factors that affect BMR

A
  1. Body weight
  2. Body composition
  3. Age
  4. Gender
35
Q

How does body weight affect BMR?

A

As weight increases, BMR increases

36
Q

How does body composition affect BMR?

A

As % fat increases, BMR decreases

37
Q

How does age affect BMR?

A

As you age your BMR decreases

38
Q

How does Gender affect BMR?

A

Males are generally more muscular thus have a higher BMR

39
Q

How does pregnancy affect BMR?

A

It increases BMR

40
Q

How do thyroid problems change BMR?

A

HYPOthyroidism - Decreases

HYPERthyroidism - Increases

41
Q

How does DIRECT calorimetry measure EE?

A

Heat given off during exercise is measured via temperature changes in water

42
Q

How does INDIRECT calorimetry measure EE?

A

Measures the relationship between ATP production and oxygen uptake

FHP - Tri 2 (8 decks)

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