Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Equine (Chloe) > Gastrointestinal > Flashcards

Gastrointestinal Flashcards

1
Q

What are the key clinical signs of the chocking horse?

A

Ptyalism/drooling and hypersalivation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What medical management can assist the chocking horse?

A

Remove all feed and water
IVFT
NSAIDS/analgesics
Sedation
Oxytocin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What surgical approach can be used for the chocking horse?

A

Longitudinal esophagectomy with primary closure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What does EOTRH stand for?

A

Equine Odontoclastic Tooth Resorption and Hypercementosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is a diastema?

A

Gaps develop between teeth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the two types of caries?

A

Peripheral or infundibular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are acute causes of diarrhoea in the adult horse?

A

Salmonella spp.
Clostridium difficile/perfrigens
Coronavirus
Right dorsal colitis
Grain overload
Dietary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the clinical signs of acute diarrhoea in the adult horse?

A

Cow pat to high volume hosepipe D+++
Quiet to depressed
Colic, fever, hypovolaemia
SIRS
Laminitis
Secondary infections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the risk factors for acute diarrhoea?

A

GI disease, immunosuppression, antimicrobials, GA/abdo surgery
Management changes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the causes of chronic diarrhoea in the adult horse?

A

Salmonella spp.
Cyathostomiasis
Right dorsal colitis
Sand enteropathy
Inflammatory bowel disease
Dietary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the clinical signs of chronic diarrhoea in the adult horse?

A

Bright
Ventral oedema
Weight loss
Electrolyte imbalance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the most frequently isolated salmonella spp. in horses with large volumes of watery diarrhoea?

A

Salmonella Typhimurium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What clostridium spp. is associated with antimicrobial colitis?

A

Clostridium Difficile

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the most common clostridium spp seen with haemorrhagic D++ in neonates?

A

Clostridium perfrigens types A and C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the risk factors of Cyathostomiasis infestation?

A

Age, season, period since last anthelmintic, altered host immunity, potentially stress and dietary changes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What medication administration can lead to right dorsal colitis?

A

NSAIDs (toxicity)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the age range classification of the young horse?

A

6 weeks to 9 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What additional differentials are the for acute diarrhoea in the young horse?

A

Proliferative enteropathy and rhodococcus equi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What clinical signs are seen in proliferative enteropathy along with acute diarrhoea in the young horse?

A

Severe hypoalbuminemia and weight loss +++

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the two neonatal age ranges?

A

0-10 days and 10 days to 6 weeks.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the colloquial term for equine dysautonomia?

A

Grass sickness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What age of horse are typically affected by equine dysautonomia?

A

2 to 7 years old

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are the risk factors for equine dysautonomia?

A

Horses on pasture with mechanical dropping removal
Presence of domesticated birds on the field
Stress, higher BCS
Cool, dry weather. Frequent worming.
History of grass sickness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

How long do horses with sub-acute equine dysautonomia typically survive?

A

> 2 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
How long do horses with chronic equine dysautonomia typically survive?
>7 days
26
What are the clinical signs of acute equine dysautonomia?
Severe gut paralysis leading to acute colic signs Difficulty swallowing and drooling Nasogastric reflux Mucus coated, hard droppings Muscle tremors and patchy sweating Tachycardia
27
What are the clinical signs of sub-acute equine dysautonomia?
Rapid weight loss May eat small amounts of food Mild-moderate colic
28
What are the clinical signs of chronic equine dysautonomia?
More insidious Mild or intermittent colic Reduced appetite Difficulty eating Rapid and severe weight loss/emaciation Some may recover
29
What are the clinical signs of gastric disease?
Changes in temperament Poor performance Resentment of girthing and leg aid Bucking/rearing under saddle Weight loss Colic signs
30
How do you prepare the horse for a scope?
No food for at least 12 hours Water removed around 4 hours before Grazing muzzle on a horse that eats bedding
31
What are the grades of squamous mucosa ulceration?
0 - epithelium intact and no appearance of hyperkeratosis 1 - Mucosa intact but areas of hyperkeratosis 2 - Small, single or multifocal lesions 3 - Large, single or extensive superficial lesions 4 - Extensive lesions with areas of apparent deep ulceration
32
What husbandry changes should be made for a horse diagnosed with gastric ulceration?
Feed roughage ad lib especially during the day Reduce stressful stimuli Eliminate carbohydrates from the horse's diet
33
What is the most common treatment option for gastric ulceration?
Long acting, injectable omeprazole (4mg/kg once a week)
34
What is the adult appearance of strongyles?
Small and white/red
35
What is the adult appearance of roundworms
Large, flat and white
36
What is the adult appearance of pinworms?
Up to 5cm, white, pointy, tall like a beansprout
37
What is the adult appearance of tapeworms?
Small, flat and white
38
What is habronemiasis associated with?
Skin sores and conjunctivitis
39
What are some prevention methods of habronemiasis?
Good fly control Muck heap management Frequent bedding replacement Cover wounds Treat ocular disease
40
What age of horse is typically affected by parascaris equorum?
Horses less than 2 years old
41
What are the clinical signs of parascaris equorum infestation?
Coughing and nasal discharge Poor coat, weight gain, dull, anorexic, occasional colic Bone and tendon disorders
42
How do you treat parascaris equorum?
Avermectins
43
What is the colloquial name for anoplocephala perfoliate/magna?
Equine tapeworm
44
What are the clinical signs of anoplocephala perfoliate?
Ileal impaction Intussusceptions Caecal impactions and motility disorders Spasmodic colic Diarrhoea Functional and physical blockages
45
What is the prepatent period of anoplocephala perfoliate?
6 to 10 weeks
46
How do you treat anoplocephala perfoliate?
High dose pyrantel and praziquantel
47
What parasite is an important cause of surgical colic?
Strongylus vulgaris
48
What are the results of Strongylus vulgaris infection?
Protein-losing enteropathy Anaemia Colic, diarrhoea and anorexia Lameness and poor performance Occasional granulomas
49
What are the clinical signs of cyathostominosis?
Severe acute diarrhoea Colic Weight loss Diarrhoea Wasting and death
50
What is classed as the parasite of the stabled horse?
O.equi
51
What management considerations should help to control levels of GI parasites?
- Appropriate stocking Faecal collection Dung heaps separate from grazing area Pasture rotation Grazing with ruminants Create refugia
52
What are some common clinical signs of colic?
Restless or agitated Eating less or droppings reduced Abdominal pain Clinical changes Tired or lethargic
53
What are signs of severe or critical colic cases?
Severe unrelenting pain Look depressed Discoloured MMs Absent gut sounds Self-trauma HR over 60bpm with abdominal distension
54
What is the management for a grade 1 or 2 rectal tear?
Most will heal with medical treatment - antibiotics, laxatives and dietary changes
55
What surgery options are available for a rectal teat?
Direct suturing, temporary indwelling rectal liner and colostomy
56
What can trigger systemic inflammatory response syndrome?
Bacterial toxins resulting in coagulopathies
57
What is the definition of sepsis?
Systemic inflammatory response syndrome plus a culture proven infection
58
What does MODS stand for?
Multi-organ dysfunction sydrome
59
What is MODS?
Altered organ function in an acutely ill animal such that haemostasis cannot be maintained without intervention.
60
What does DIC stand for?
Disseminated intravascular coagulation
61
How is disseminated intravascular coagulation diagnosed?
Thrombocytopenia Prolonged prothrombin time Prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time Increased fibrin degradation products Decreased antithrombin 3
62
What electrolyte imbalances develop when horses have had food withheld in combination with resuscitation fluids?
Hypokalaemia and hypomagnesaemia
63
What electrolytes are commonly lost in animals with diarrhoea?
Sodium and Chlorine
64
State causes of ileus.
pain Abdominal surgery Drugs GI disease/inflammation
65
What can be used to monitor nutrition status of the horse?
Weight Physical exam Hydration status Metabolic lab work Blood glucose Triglycerides BUN Electrolytes TS
66
What is the treatment for thrombophlebitis?
Broad spectrum antibiotics Anti-inflammatories Heparin Vasodilators Raise head
67
What does low grade constant grumbling on gut sound auscultation indicate?
Peristalsis in small intestine and colon.
68
How often should caecal emptying occur?
1-3 times a minute
69
What should you be able to palpate on rectal?
Small intestine Caecum Large colon Spleen Ovaries Uterus +/- bladder
70
What is the normal volume of gastric fluid?
2-3 litres
71
What does opaque pink/brown (serosanguinous) fluid indicate on peritoneal tap?
Compromised intestine
72
What does opaque green/brown (ingesta) fluid indicate on peritoneal tap?
Ruptured intestine
73
What does turbid white/yellow fluid indicate on peritoneal tap?
Peritonitis
74
What is the pathophysiology of granulomatous enteritis?
Lymphoid and macrophage infiltration. Ileal villous atrophy
75
What is the suspected cause of granulomatous enteritis?
Inflammatory reaction to intestinal bacteria.
76
What is the potential cause of eosinophilic enterocolitis?
Nematode infestation inducing a hypersensitivity reaction.
77
What horses are predisposed to eosinophilic enterocolitis?
Young Tbs and standardbreds.
78
What are the risk factors for lymphocytic-plasmocytic enterocolitis?
Overcrowding, feed changes, ATB usage, mixing and transport, weaning
79
What are the large intestinal causes of lymphocytic-plasmocytic enterocolitis
Parasitic infestation, right dorsal colitis, sand enteropathy, eosinophilic enterocolitis
80
What is Theiler's disease associated with?
Equine blood products and equine parvovirus
81
What main 3 pathogens are associated with cholangiohepatitis?
Salmonellas spp., Klebsiella spp. and E.coli
82
What is cholelithiasis?
Stone formation in the biliary ducts/obstruction
83
What is the treatment for proliferative enteropathy?
Tetracyclines IV oxytetracycline for 1 weeks then doxycycline
84
How do you treat chronic sand enteropathy?
Psyllium and MgSO4 daily for 5-7 days. NSAIDS, surgical emptying, enough roughage
85
What additional supportive care can be used for horses with weight loss?
Vitamin E, milk thistle extracts, S-adenosylmethionine (anti-oxidant), N-acetylcysteine (cytoprotective)

Equine (Chloe) (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions