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MDT Hallmarks > Gastrointestinal > Flashcards

Gastrointestinal Flashcards

1
Q
  • Non-bloody diarrhea
  • Watery loose stools
  • Periumbilical cramps
  • Nausea & vomiting
  • Bloating
  • Mild, self-limited
  • Caused by a virus or bacteria
A

Non-Inflammatory Diarrhea

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2
Q
  • Bloody diarrhea
  • Fever
  • LLQ cramps
  • Fecal urgency/ tenesmus
  • Stool containing pus
  • Caused by invasive or toxin-producing bacterium
  • 6 or more loose stools in 24 hours
  • Profuse watery diarrhea and symptoms of dehydration
A

Inflammatory Diarrhea

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3
Q

-Caused by ALCOHOL/NSAIDs
-Often asymptomatic
-Epigastric pain
-Nausea and vomiting
-Anorexia
-Hematemesis
-Upper GI bleeding with “coffee
grounds” emesis or bloody aspiration on NG Tube

A

Erosive and Hemorrhagic Gastritis

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4
Q

-Infrequent stool
-Excessive straining
-Sense of incomplete evacuation
-Need for digital manipulation

A

Constipation

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5
Q

-Painless prolapse w/ blood or mucoid discharge
-Not visible or palpable (may protrude through the anus with gentle straining)
-If prolapsed, can see visible purple nodules covered by mucosa
-Bright red blood
-Streaks visible on toilet paper/stool or drips into the toilet after a BM

A

Internal Hemorrhoids

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6
Q

-Painful
-Visible bluish perianal nodule
-Bright red blood per rectum
-Protrusion, discomfort
-Tender to palpation

A

External Hemorrhoids

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7
Q

-Linear or rocket shaped ulcer
-Less than 5mm in length
-Severe, tearing pain during defecation followed by throbbing discomfort
-May lead to constipation
-Bright red blood on stool or toilet paper
-Caused by straining, constipation, or anal sex

A

Anal Fissure

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8
Q

-Dull, aching, or throbbing continuous perianal pain
-Erythema, fluctuance, and swelling
-Worse immediately before defecation, lessened after
-Aggravated by straining, coughing, or sneezing
-Pain and tenderness interfere with walking or sitting

A

Anorectal Abscess
/Perianal Abscess

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9
Q

-Usually preceded by a non-healing anorectal abscess
-Chronic purulent discharge
-Itching, tenderness, pain
-Pustule-like lesion in the perianal or buttocks area
-Intermittent rectal pain during defecation and sitting
-Intermittent and malodorous perianal drainage

A

Anorectal Fistula

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10
Q

-Occur in the midline of the gluteal crease
-Tender mass
-Swelling
-Pain
-Persistent discharge
-Recurrent
-Sacrococcygeal region
-Caused by ingrown hair

A

Pilonidal Cyst

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11
Q

-RLQ
-Palpable mass & tenderness
-Insidious onset
-Intermittent fever & diarrhea
-Skip lesions
-Non-bloody diarrhea
-Fever, Malaise
-Weight loss
-Cramping abdominal pain
-Possible intra-abdominal abscess
-Perianal disease w/ abscess & fistulas

A

Crohn’s Disease

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12
Q

-LLQ
-Bloody diarrhea
-Lower abdominal cramps
-Relieved by defecation
-Fecal urgency
-Tenesmus
-Pseudo-polyps
-Periods of symptomatic flare ups and remissions

A

Ulcerative Colitis

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13
Q

-Abdominal pain
-Can have diarrhea/constipation
-Change in frequency of stool
-Relieved with defecation
-Stress factors contribute to this
-Late teens to early 20’s
-Otherwise normal exam
-Bloating or feeling abdominal distention

A

Irritable Bowel Syndrome

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14
Q

-Heartburn
-Occurs 30-60 min after meals
-Reports relief from taking antacids or baking soda
-Regurgitation
-Dyspepsia
-Dysphagia
-Belching
-Chest pain
-Cough
-Exacerbated by acidic foods, bending, or recumbency
-Hoarseness

A

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

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15
Q

-Severe retrosternal chest pain
-Odynophagia
-Dysphagia often beginning several hours to one month after taking a pill
-History of taking pills without water or supine

A

Pill-induced Esophagitis

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16
Q

-Localized substernal chest pain
-Heartburn
-Dysphagia
-Hx of chronic GERD
-sensation of food stuck in throat/chest

A

Esophageal Stricture

17
Q

-Intermittent dysphagia
-Gradual onset of dysphagia with solid foods and some liquid
-Can be present for months
-Substernal chest pain and discomfort/fullness
-Lifting neck or throwing shoulders back to enhance gastric emptying
-Regurgitation

A

Esophageal Spasm

18
Q

-Dyspepsia
-epigastric pain
-gnawing, dull, aching, hunger-like pain
-relief of pain w/ food or antacids
-symptomatic periods are intermittent
-Caused by NSAIDs and H-pylori

A

Peptic Ulcer Disease

19
Q
  • LLQ pain
  • Fever
  • Chills
  • Nausea & Vomiting
  • Loss of appetite
  • Palpable mass
  • Acute aching abdominal pain
  • Leukocytosis
  • Constipation/Diarrhea
  • Gas/bloating
A

Diverticulitis

20
Q

-Hematemesis bright red blood or brown coffee grounds
-Melena “tar colored” black stool

A

Upper GI Bleed

21
Q

-Hematochezia usually present
-passage of fresh blood
-dark maroon color

A

Lower GI Bleed

22
Q
  • RLQ pain/ Periumbilical
  • Anorexia
  • Nausea
  • Vomiting
  • Constipation
  • TTP localized rigidity at McBurney’s point
  • Fever
  • Leukocytosis
A

Appendicitis

23
Q
  • RUQ
  • Colicky
  • Steady, severe pain and tenderness
  • Nausea and vomiting
  • Fever
  • Chills
  • Leukocytosis
  • Precipitated by large fatty meal
  • Clay colored stools
A

Cholecystitis

24
Q
  • LUQ/Epigastric pain
  • Abrupt onset
  • Pain is steady, boring, and severe
  • Abdomen distended
  • Bowel sounds may be absent
  • Worse w/ lying supine, better w/ sitting & leaning forward
  • Radiates to back or shoulder
  • Hx of heavy alcohol intake or heavy meal
  • Nausea, vomiting, sweating, weakness
  • Abdominal tenderness & distention
  • Fever & Leukocytosis
A

Pancreatitis

25
Q

-A protrusion of any body part through a cavity
-Abdominal contents herniate DIRECTLY through Hasselbach’s triangle
-Caused by muscular weakness
-Less likely to incarcerate and strangulate

A

Direct Inguinal Hernia

26
Q

-Abdominal contents protrude through the inguinal canal
-Caused by a patent processus vaginalis
-Frequently incarcerate and strangulate

A

Indirect Inguinal Hernia

27
Q

-Constant aching diffuse lower abdominal pain
-Bloating and distention
-Constipation and inability to pass flatus
-Possible feculent vomitus

A

Large Bowel Obstruction

28
Q
  • crampy colicky abd pain
  • active high pitched BS w/ occasional “rushes” sounds like “tinkly”
  • unable to find a comfortable position
  • abdominal distention
  • nausea, vomiting
  • possible diarrhea
  • tympanic abd on percussion
  • commonly caused by adhesions/hernias
A

Small Bowel Obstruction

29
Q

-Very ill appearing
-ascites
-fever
-abdominal pain
-tachycardia
-hypotension
-typically DO NOT WANT to move
-Board-like abdomen
-May have absent bowel sounds
-Percussion: absence of dullness over the liver suggest free air/ perforation)

A

Secondary Peritonitis

MDT Hallmarks (10 decks)

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