Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CMS Revision > Gastroenterology > Flashcards

Gastroenterology Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Introductory Sommelier Exam (CMS) flashcards
1
Q

What is the function of the gut

A

Digestion and absorption of nutrients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the gut composed of

A

Stomach
Duodenum
Jejunum
Large intestines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the two sections of the pancreas and what do they produce

A

Exocrine - enzymes to digest food

Endocrine - insulin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the function of the gal bladder

A

Concentrated and stores bile

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the function of the liver

A

Metabolism of nutrients and toxins
Production of bile
Protein synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is dysphagia

A

Difficulty swalloing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is dyspepsia

A

Discomfort relating to the upper GI tract

eg. heart burn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are some symptoms associated with GI upset

A 
Nausea/vomiting
Diarrhoea
Constipation 
Steatorrhoea - pales bulky stools
Bleeding
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How can you tell if a patient has bleeding from the upper GI tract or the lower GI tract

A

Bleeding from the lower GI tract tends to be fresh blood, bleeding from the upper GI tract tends to be dark and sticky in the faeces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How is the upper GI tract investigated

A

With an endoscopy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How is the lower GI tract investigated

A

Sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Name 2 antacids

A

Aluminium hyrdoxide

Calcium carbonate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are two kinds of gastric acid reduction meds

A

Histamine receptor antagonist

Proton pump inhibitor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Name 2 proton pump inhibitors

A

Omeprazole

Lansoprazole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What does the medication selected depend on

A

The cause of the condition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What does GORD stand for

A

Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is GORD

A

Excess acid at the lower oesophageal spincter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is GORD associated with

A

Obesity
Fatty foods
Lying flat
Smoking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How is GORD treated

A

Life style changes
Drugs - antacids / PPIs
Rarely surgery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Where can peptic ulcers occur

A

Stomach or Duodenum

21
Q

What % of the population are affected by peptic ulcers and what age range / sex

A

15-20%

elderly men

22
Q

What are two causes of peptic ulcers?

A

Helicobacter pylori

NSAIDs

23
Q

What are the symptoms of a peptic ulcer?

A

Epigastric pain
Dyspepsia
Vomiting
Anorexia

24
Q

What investigations can be done in relation to a peptic ulcer?

A

Endoscopy

Biopsy if gastric

25
Q

What is the treatment for a peptic ulcer?

A

Acutely - stop bleeding / rarely surgery

Non acute - Acid suppression / treat helicobacter pylori

26
Q

What is a hiatus hernia?

A

Structural abnormality of the stomach

27
Q

What does a hiatus hernia cause?

A

Heart burn

28
Q

How is a hiatus hernia treated?

A

With medication or surgery

29
Q

What is coeliac disease?

A

Auto immune disorder of the small intestine

30
Q

What are the symptoms of coeliac disease?

A 
Malabsorption 
Malase
Diarrhoea 
Weight loss
Iron and folate deficiency 
Protein deficiency
31
Q

How is coeliac disease diagnosed?

A

Blood test testing for TTGA antibodies

Endoscopy with a biopsy

32
Q

How is coeliac disease treated?

A

With a gluten free diet

Osteoporosis prophylaxis

33
Q

What are the two main forms of inflammatory bowel disease?

A

Crohns disease

Ulcerative colitis

34
Q

What is the difference between crohns disease and ulcerative colitis?

A

Crohns is clumps of inflammation and ulcerative colitis is continuous inflammation

35
Q

What are the symptoms of crohns?

A 
Malabsorption
Abdominal pain
Oral features
Bleeding
Abscess
36
Q

What are the symptoms of ulcerative colitis?

A

Bloody diarrhoea

Abdominal pain - less than crohns

37
Q

How is crohns and ulcerative colitis diagnosed?

A

Radiology
Colonoscopy and biopsy
Stool sample
Clinical

38
Q

How is inflammatory bowel disease treated?

A

Suppress the inflammation with corticosteroids or immunosuppressants
Surgery to remove diseased part of bowel
Parenteral nutrition / elemental diet
Antibodies

39
Q

What is functional GI disease?

A

Symptoms with out demonstrable disease

40
Q

What are some caused of functional GI disease?

A

Psychological
Altered bowel smooth muscle tone
High CHO diet

41
Q

How is functional GI disease treated?

A

Reassurance
Fibre and other diet changes
Anti spasmodics
Amitriptyline

42
Q

What is the name given to acute liver inflammation and the name given to chronic liver inflammation

A

Acute - hepatitis

Chronic - cirrosis

43
Q

What are the causes of liver disease?

A 
Alcohol
Viruses - hep A B C D E 
Iron overload
Drugs
Auto immune - primary binary cirrhosis 
                          chronic active hep
Diabetes
Cryptogenic
44
Q

What are the clinical features of liver, pancreas and bilary tract disease?

A 
Jaundice
Ascites (increase free fluid in abdomen)
Telangiectasia (failure to break down female hormone)
Renal failure 
Encephalopathy (confusion and impaired consciousness)
Variceal haemorrhage 
Coagulopathy 
Prone to infection
45
Q

How is liver, pancreatic and bilary tract disease treated?

A

Remove and treat underlying cause
Supportive
Liver transplant

46
Q

What are the symptoms of gall stones?

A

Pain
Jaundice
Pancreatitis

47
Q

What is the cause of pancreatitis

A

Gall stones

Alcohol / drugs

48
Q

How is pancreatitis treated

A

With supportive tx

49
Q

What are the signs of upper GI bleeding

A

Haematemesis - fresh blood

Rectal bleeding

CMS Revision (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions