Gastroenteritis

Question 1

Causes

Answer 1

Bacterial - salmonella, shigella, staph aureus, vibrio cholera, e coli, yersinia enterocolitica
summer

Viruses - astro, calici, noro, enteric, rota, CMV, HSV, HIV
Protozoa - cryptosporidium, entamoeba, giardia lamblia, microsporidium, isospora
winter

Helminths - strongyloides stercoralis, trichuris trichura, schistosoma, trichinella

Question 2

Manage dehydration

Answer 2

Shock medical emergency: IV fluids 
IV access: IV line, interosseous line 
- drip in tibialis bone marrow 
- beware going through bone 
- abs + fluids 
- compartment syndrome - rx failure 
Ringers/ 0/9 % Saline isotonic fluids 
20ml/kg bolus 
reassess: another 10-20ml/kg bolus 
1/2 Darrows 10-15 ml/kg/hr 
low BP = late sign

Question 3

Complications

Answer 3

Shock - ARF, HI, Cerebral vascular thrombosis, NEC, shock lung
Acidosis and electrolyte disturbance
fever convulsions ileus protein losing enteropathy
NEC
Dysfunction gut
decrease digestion and absorption nutrients

Question 4

Electrolytes lost in diarrhoea stool

Answer 4

Sodium
Potassium
Chloride
Bicarbonate

Question 5

Antibiotic therapy

Answer 5

Dysentery
Ciprobay - 15mg/kg/dose po x 3 days
ciprofloxacin

Question 6

Giardia lambia

Answer 6

Dysentery, Diarrhoea, Vomiting

treatment: Metronidazole/ Flagyl