Gastroenteritis Flashcards
1) What is gastritis and how does it present?
2) What is enteritis and how does it present?
3) What is most common - viral or bacterial gastroenteritis?
1) Inflammation of the stomach, presents with nausea and vomiting
2) Inflammation of the intestine and presents with diarrhoea
3) Viral
Name 4 infectious causes of diarrhoea without blood (enteritis)
- Norovirus
- Rotavirus
- Adenovirus
- Enteric adenovirus
- Cholera
- Enterotoxigenic and enteropathogenic E. Coli
- Toxin producing staph. aureus
- Clostridium perfringens
- Giardia
- Cryptosporidium
Name 4 infectious causes of diarrhoea with blood (dysentery)
- Shigellosis
- Enterohemorrhagic E. Coli
- Campylobacter enterocolitis
- Clostridium difficile
- Yersinia enterocolitica
- Entamoeba histolytica
1) What is the commonest cause of food poisoning in the UK?
2) What is the commonest cause of gastroenteritis in children?
3) What is the commonest cause of viral gastroenteritis in the UK?
1) Campylobacter jejuni
2) Rotavirus
3) Norovirus
Name 2 viruses that cause gastroenteritis
- Norovirus
- Rotavirus
- Adenovirus
- Astrovirus
Escherichia coli
1) How is it spread?
2) What toxin does E. Coli 0157 produce?
3) Name 2 symptoms this strain of E. Coli causes
4) What condition can the the toxin produced by E. Coli 0157 cause?
5) If someone has suspected E. Coli 0157, why should antibiotics be avoided?
1) Consumption of contaminated food or water
2) Shiga toxin
3) Bloody diarrhoea, abdominal cramps, vomiting
4) Haemolytic uraemic syndrome
5) Use of antibiotics increases the risk of HUS
Campylobacter jejuni
1) Campylobacter jejuni is a common cause of what?
2) How is it spread?
3) Name 3 symptoms
4) Name an antibiotic that may be used in its treatment
1) Travellers diarrhoea
2) Raw or improperly cooked poultry, untreated water and unpasteurised milk
3) Abdominal cramps, diarrhoea often with blood, vomiting and fever
4) Azithromycin or ciprofloxacin
Shigella
1) What is shigella spread by?
2) Name 2 symptoms it causes
3) What toxin does it produce?
4) Name an antibiotic that may be used in severe cases
1) Faeces contaminating drinking water, swimming pools and food
2) bloody diarrhoea, abdominal cramps and fever
3) Shigella toxin
4) Azithromycin or ciprofloxacin
Salmonella
1) How is salmonella spread?
2) Name 2 symptoms
1) Eating raw eggs or poultry and food contaminated with infected faeces of small animals
2) Watery diarrhoea that can be associated with mucus or blood, abdominal pain and vomiting, rose coloured macules
Bacillus cereus
1) This gram positive bacteria grows well on what particularly?
2) Whilst growing, what toxin does it produce?
3) What are the 2 symptoms it causes within 5 hours of ingestion?
4) When it reaches the intestine, it releases another toxin that causes what?
1) Inadequately cooked food that’s not immediately refrigerated after cooking - especially rice
2) Cereulide
3) Abdominal cramping and vomiting
4) Watery diarrhoea
Yersinia enterocolitica
1) Eating what is associated with infection with this?
2) How else does this transmit?
3) Name 2 things this infection causes in children
4) Why do older children or adults present with right-sided abdominal pain when infected with this bacteria?
1) Raw or undercooked pork
2) Contamination of urine or faeces of animals such as rats or rabbits
3) Watery or bloody diarrhoea, abdominal pain, fever and lymphadenopathy
4) Due to mesenteric lymphadenitis (inflammation in the intestinal lymph nodes) and fever
Staphylococcus Aureus Toxin
1) Name a food staphylococcus aureus can produce enterotoxins when growing on
2) Name 2 symptoms it can cause
1) Eggs, meat and dairy products
2) Diarrhoea, profuse vomiting, abdominal cramps and fever
Giardiasis
1) What is the causative parasite called?
2) What is the route of transmission?
3) How is it diagnosed?
4) What drug is used in its treatment?
1) Giardia lamblia
2) Faecal-oral route
3) Stool microscopy
4) Metronidazole
1) What is the best way to prevent gastroenteritis?
2) What are the 3 ways samples of faeces can be tested with to establish the causative organism
3) What is important to assess patients with gastroenteritis on?
1) Good hygiene
2) Microscopy, culture and sensitivities
3) Dehydration
Name 2 post-gastroenteritis complications
- Lactose intolerance
- Irritable bowel syndrome
- Reactive arthritis
- Guillain–Barré syndrome
