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#Phase 2.2: Paediatrics > Gastroenteritis > Flashcards

Gastroenteritis Flashcards

1
Q

What 2 conditions is Gastroenteritis made up of?

A
  1. Gastritis
  2. Enteritis
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2
Q

What is Gastritis?

A

Inflamm of stomach

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3
Q

How are the CF of Gastritis? (2 things)

A
  1. Nausea
  2. Vomiting
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4
Q

What is Enteritis?

A

Inflamm of intestines

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5
Q

What is the CF of Enteritis?

A

Diarrhoea

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6
Q

What is Gastroenteritis?

A

Inflamm from stomach to intestines

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7
Q

What are the main CF of Gastroenteritis? (3 things)

A
  1. Nausea
  2. Vomiting
  3. Diarrhoea

(CF of Gastritis + Enteritis together)

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8
Q

How common is Gastroenteritis in kids?

A

Very common, some kids have it several times a year

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9
Q

What is it important you do once you have identified a Gastroenteritis pt?

A

Isolate dem, bc they can easily spread it

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10
Q

What is the most common cause of Gastroenteritis?

A

Viral

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11
Q

What are the most common Virus that causes Gastroenteritis? (2 things)

A
  1. Rotavirus (most common)
  2. Norovirus
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12
Q

What is the most common Bacteria that causes Gastroenteritis?

A

Campylobacter

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13
Q

What are the CF of Gastroenteritis? (4 things)

A
  1. Mild fever
  2. Vomiting
  3. Abd pain / cramps
  4. Diarrhoea
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14
Q

How long does Diarrhoea last in Gastroenteritis and when does it usually stop?

A
  • Lasts 5-7 days
  • Usually stops within 2 weeks
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15
Q

How long does Vomiting last in Gastroenteritis and when does it usually stop?

A
  1. Lasts 1-2 days
  2. Usually stops within 3 days
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16
Q

What is the most important complication to note with Gastroenteritis?

A

Dehydration

17
Q

Which Gastroenteritis kids are at risk of Dehydration? (4 things)

A
  1. Under 6 months old
  2. 5+ diarrhoea in 1 day
  3. 2+ vomiting in 1 day
  4. Stopped breastfeeding during illness
18
Q

What are the Differential Dx that present similarly (aka Diarrhoea) to Gastroenteritis? (7 things)

A
  1. IBD
  2. IBS
  3. Lactose intolerance
  4. Coeliac disease
  5. CF
  6. Toddlers diarrhoea
  7. Medications (abx)
19
Q

Are investigations usually done for sus Gastroenteritis?

A

No

20
Q

When should a stool sample be sent in Gastroenteritis? (3 things)

A
  1. Sus septicaemia
  2. Blood / mucus in stool
  3. Child immunocompromised
21
Q

What bloods can be done in specific circumstances in Gastroenteritis? (5 things)

A
  1. Na
  2. K
  3. Creatinine
  4. Urea
  5. Glucose
22
Q

What specific circumstances would make you do bloods in Gastroenteritis? (2 things)

A
  1. IV fluids going to be used
  2. Hypernatraemia CF (jittery / increased muscle tone / hyperreflexia / drowsy / coma)
23
Q

What are the IMMEDIATE Mx options of Gastroenteritis if NOT clinically dehydrated? (4 things)

A
  1. Continue breastfeeding / milk feeds
  2. Encourage fluid intake
  3. Discourage fruit juices + fizzy drinks (esp if risk of dehydration)
  4. Oral rehydration salt solution (ORS) if at risk of dehydration
24
Q

What are the IMMEDIATE Mx options of Gastroenteritis if Clinically dehydrated? (2 things)

A
  1. IV therapy
  2. Oral therapy
25
Q

What are the indications for IV therapy? (4 things)

A
  1. Sus shock
  2. Red flag CF
  3. Dehydration CF depite Oral therapy
  4. Vomiting @ ORS solution
26
Q

What are the indications for Oral therapy?

A

Everyone unless indicated for IV therapy

27
Q

What does Oral therapy of Gastroenteritis w Dehydration involve? (2 things)

A
  1. ORS solution (50ml / kg over 4 hours)
  2. Milk feeds / water (but no fruit juice / fizzy drinks)
28
Q

What should you consider if a child is refusing Oral fluids?

A

NG tube

29
Q

How does the UK try prevent Gastroenteritis in the first place?

A

Rotarix vaccine (rotavirus oral vaccine)

(part of national vaccination programme)

30
Q

When is the Rotarix vaccine given to babies?

A

8 + 12 weeks

31
Q

What are the possible complications of Gastroenteritis? (4 things)

A
  1. Lactose intolerance
  2. IBS
  3. Reactive arthritis
  4. Guillain-Barre syndrome

#Phase 2.2: Paediatrics (18 decks)

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