Gastroenteritis Flashcards
What 2 conditions is Gastroenteritis made up of?
- Gastritis
- Enteritis
What is Gastritis?
Inflamm of stomach
How are the CF of Gastritis? (2 things)
- Nausea
- Vomiting
What is Enteritis?
Inflamm of intestines
What is the CF of Enteritis?
Diarrhoea
What is Gastroenteritis?
Inflamm from stomach to intestines
What are the main CF of Gastroenteritis? (3 things)
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Diarrhoea
(CF of Gastritis + Enteritis together)
How common is Gastroenteritis in kids?
Very common, some kids have it several times a year
What is it important you do once you have identified a Gastroenteritis pt?
Isolate dem, bc they can easily spread it
What is the most common cause of Gastroenteritis?
Viral
What are the most common Virus that causes Gastroenteritis? (2 things)
- Rotavirus (most common)
- Norovirus
What is the most common Bacteria that causes Gastroenteritis?
Campylobacter
What are the CF of Gastroenteritis? (4 things)
- Mild fever
- Vomiting
- Abd pain / cramps
- Diarrhoea
How long does Diarrhoea last in Gastroenteritis and when does it usually stop?
- Lasts 5-7 days
- Usually stops within 2 weeks
How long does Vomiting last in Gastroenteritis and when does it usually stop?
- Lasts 1-2 days
- Usually stops within 3 days
What is the most important complication to note with Gastroenteritis?
Dehydration
Which Gastroenteritis kids are at risk of Dehydration? (4 things)
- Under 6 months old
- 5+ diarrhoea in 1 day
- 2+ vomiting in 1 day
- Stopped breastfeeding during illness
What are the Differential Dx that present similarly (aka Diarrhoea) to Gastroenteritis? (7 things)
- IBD
- IBS
- Lactose intolerance
- Coeliac disease
- CF
- Toddlers diarrhoea
- Medications (abx)
Are investigations usually done for sus Gastroenteritis?
No
When should a stool sample be sent in Gastroenteritis? (3 things)
- Sus septicaemia
- Blood / mucus in stool
- Child immunocompromised
What bloods can be done in specific circumstances in Gastroenteritis? (5 things)
- Na
- K
- Creatinine
- Urea
- Glucose
What specific circumstances would make you do bloods in Gastroenteritis? (2 things)
- IV fluids going to be used
- Hypernatraemia CF (jittery / increased muscle tone / hyperreflexia / drowsy / coma)
What are the IMMEDIATE Mx options of Gastroenteritis if NOT clinically dehydrated? (4 things)
- Continue breastfeeding / milk feeds
- Encourage fluid intake
- Discourage fruit juices + fizzy drinks (esp if risk of dehydration)
- Oral rehydration salt solution (ORS) if at risk of dehydration
What are the IMMEDIATE Mx options of Gastroenteritis if Clinically dehydrated? (2 things)
- IV therapy
- Oral therapy
What are the indications for IV therapy? (4 things)
- Sus shock
- Red flag CF
- Dehydration CF depite Oral therapy
- Vomiting @ ORS solution
What are the indications for Oral therapy?
Everyone unless indicated for IV therapy
What does Oral therapy of Gastroenteritis w Dehydration involve? (2 things)
- ORS solution (50ml / kg over 4 hours)
- Milk feeds / water (but no fruit juice / fizzy drinks)
What should you consider if a child is refusing Oral fluids?
NG tube
How does the UK try prevent Gastroenteritis in the first place?
Rotarix vaccine (rotavirus oral vaccine)
(part of national vaccination programme)
When is the Rotarix vaccine given to babies?
8 + 12 weeks
What are the possible complications of Gastroenteritis? (4 things)
- Lactose intolerance
- IBS
- Reactive arthritis
- Guillain-Barre syndrome
