Asthma Flashcards
What is the most common chronic condition in kids?
Asthma
What fraction of kids in the UK have asthma?
1/11
What is the Pathophysiology of Asthma in kids? (7 steps)
- Allergen exposure
- Dendritic cells present allergen to Th2 type T cells
- Th2 type T cells release Cytokines
- Cytokines –> Inflamm + Bronchoconstriction
- Cytokines activate Humoral immune system
- Proliferation of: Mast cells + Eosinophils + Dendritic cells
- Mast cells release Histamine
What are the RF for Asthma in kids? (6 things)
- FHx
- Parental smoking
- Hx of Viral bronchiolitis
- Dx of Atopic dermatitis
- Prematurity
- Low birth weight
What are the Typical Triggers for Asthma in kids? (7 things)
- Dust (house dust mites)
- Animals
- Cold air
- Smoke
- Exercise
- Food (peanuts / shellfish / eggs)
- Beta blockers
How can Beta blockers trigger Asthma in kids?
They prevent bronchodilatory fx of Catecholamines on airway
What are the adjective of the CF of Asthma in kids? (3 things)
- Episodic CF w intermittent exacerbations
- Diurnal variability (worse @ night + early morning)
- CF improve w bronchodilators
What are the CF of Asthma in kids? (3 things)
- Dry cough
- Wheeze
- SOB
What things in the Hx point towards a Dx of Asthma in kids? (2 things)
- Hx of other atopic conditions (eczema, hayfever, food allergies)
- FHx of atopy
What CF point towards a Dx OTHER than Asthma in kids? (5 things)
- Wheeze only associated w cough / colds
- Unilateral wheeze
- Isolated / productive cough
- Normal @ exam
- CF don’t improve w bronchodilators
What does a Wheeze only associated w cough / colds suggest the Dx is?
Viral induced wheeze
What does a Unilateral wheeze suggest the Dx could be? (3 things)
- Focal lesion
- Inhaled foreign body
- Infection
What is the Dx of Asthma in kids made on?
Clinically
Before what age are kids not Dx with Asthma until?
2-3 years old
What does a GP do when there is LOW probability of Asthma but child = symptomatic?
Refer to specialist for Dx