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Pre-Registration Pharmacy > Gastro-Intestinal System -Medium > Flashcards

Gastro-Intestinal System -Medium Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 types of laxatives?

A
  • Osmotic
  • Stimulant
  • Bulk-forming
  • Faecal softeners
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2
Q

Name some osmotic laxatives

A

Lactulose
Macrogol

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3
Q

Name some faecal softening laxatives

A

Docusate sodium
Glycerol enemas

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4
Q

Name some stimulant laxatives

A

Senna
Bisocodyl
Docusate sodium

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5
Q

Docusate sodium acts as what kind of laxative?

A

Both stimulant and faecal softener

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6
Q

Name some bulk-forming laxatives

A

Ispaghula husk
Sterculia

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7
Q

Which laxatives are used for hepatic encephalopathy?

A

Osmotics
(lactulose/macrogol)

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8
Q

What kind of laxatives should be avoided in opioid-induced constipation?

A

Bulk-forming

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9
Q

What are the first line options for the treatment of opioid-induced constipation?

A

Stimulant + Osmotic

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10
Q

What is used to relieve opioid-induced constipation that has not responded to other laxatives?

A

Naloxegel

Methylnaltrexone bromide is also licensed for this indication

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11
Q

What kind of laxative is the first choice in pregnancy and breastfeeding?

A

Bulk-forming

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12
Q

What are some important adverse effects associated with the use of antimuscarinics such as hyoscine butylbromide?

A
  • Tachycardia
  • Dry mouth
  • Blurred vision
  • Drowsinees
  • Confusion
  • Constipation
  • Urinary retention
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13
Q

What are the first line options for the treatment of Crohn’s disease?

A

Corticosteroid
OR
Budesonide
OR
Aminosalicylates

Aminosalicylates are ;less effective but have fewer adverse effects

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14
Q

What are the possible add-on treatments for Crohn’s disease?

A

Azathioprine
Methotrexate
Infliximab

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15
Q

Which drugs can be used to maintain remission of Crohn’s disease?

A

Azathioprine (+metronidazole post-surgery)
Methotrexate (only if it was needed to induce remission)

Corticosteroids or budesonide should not be used to maintain remission

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16
Q

What are the first line options for the treatment of mild to moderate ulcerative collitis?

A

Topical amonosalicylate
Addition of oral aminosalicylate if necessary
Addition of oral or topical corticosteroid if necessary

17
Q

What are the first line options for the treatment of severe ulcerative collitis?

A

IV corticosteroids
Addition of IV ciclosporin if necessary
Infliximab if ciclosporin contraindicated

18
Q

How is remission of ulcertaive collitis maintained?

A

Using an aminosalicylate (sulfasalazine)

19
Q

Which laxative is used for bowel cleansing?

A

Citric acid with magnesium carbonate

20
Q

Is loperamide a GSL, P-med, or PoM?

A

PoM, except for Imodium orodispersible and Imodium plus

21
Q

Which drugs can cause dyspepsia?

A

Benzodiazepines
NSAIDs
Alpha-blockers
Antimuscarinics
Aspirin
Beta-blockers
Bisphosphonates
Calcium-channel blockers
Corticosteroids
Nitrates
Theophyllines
Tricyclic antidepressants

22
Q

What are the first line treatment options for dyspepsia?

A

PPIs
H2-receptor antagonists

Patients should also be tested for Helicobacter pylori

23
Q

List the most commonly used H2-receptor antagonists

A

Famotidine
Cimetidine
Ranitidine

24
Q

What is misoprostol indicated for?

A

Gastric ulcers

25
Q

What are the H2-receptor antagonists indicated for?

A
  1. Gastric ulceration
  2. GORD and dyspepsia
26
Q

Which drugs do H2-receptor antagonists interact with?

A

Cimetidine interacts with warfarin by inhibiting its metabolism

27
Q

What is the MHRA warning associated with the use of PPIs?

A

Very low risk of subcute cutaneous Lupus erthematosus (September 2015)

28
Q

What is the first line treatment for H.pylori infection?

A

PPI + Amoxicillin + Metronidazole (or Clarithromycin)

29
Q

Which stimulant laxatives is indicated for the treatment of chronic constipation in palliative care?

A

Co-danthramer

30
Q

Which laxative can turn the urine pink?

A

Co-danthramer

Pre-Registration Pharmacy (20 decks)

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