Blood and Nutrition - Medium Flashcards
What is the normal range for Na (sodium) in plasma?
135 - 145
What is the normal range for K (potassium) in plasma?
3.5 - 5.3
What is the normal range for Ca (calcium) in plasma?
2.2 - 2.6
How do would you treat a patient with acute severe hyperkalaemia (>6.5 mmol/L or ECG changes visible)?
Calcium gluconate 10% adjusted according to ECG to protect from myocardial excitability
Which drugs can cause hyperkalaemia?
Digoxin
Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MCRAs)
ACE inhibitors
ARBs
Beta blockers
Trimethoprim and Co-trimoxazole (trimethoprim + sulfamethoxazole)
NSAIDs
Ciclosporin
Tacrolimus
Which drugs can cause hypokalaemia?
Diuretics
SABAs and LABAs
Theophylline
Penicillin
Insulin
Sodium bicarbonate
Corticosteroids
Cisplatin
Amphotericin
Laxatives when used excessively
Which 4 treatments are available for hyperkalaemia?
IV Soluble insulin with glucose
IV Salbutamol or via nebuliser
Slow IV calcium gluconate
Sodium bicarbonate
What is used to correct casual and compounding acidosis?
Sodium bicarbonate
Ascorbic acid is also known as what?
Vitamin C
Retinol is also known as what?
Vitamin A1
Is it safe to use retinol in pregnancy?
No
