Gas, Sugar, and Water Transport in Plant Cells Flashcards
Gases diffuse through the ______
Spongey mesophyll
Water moves towards ______
solutes
The stomata increases a flow of ___________ but also increases a loss of _________
CO2 + Water
More photosynthesis occurs when the stomata is (open or closed)
open
because of an increase flow of CO2
What does turgor pressure mean?
High water pressure
the force within the cell that pushes the plasma membrane against the cell wall
What are lenticles?
Lens shaped openings in the stem + roots of plants that allow gas flow
Water and sugar transport uses which system?
the plant vasular system
name 3 main qualities about the vascular system
- made of interconnected tubes
- extends throughout the plant
- made of the xylem and phloem
The xylem is made up of long tubes called…
vesicles
What is the benefit of microvilli root hairs
increases the surface area making osmosis more efficient
How do roots absorb water?
the soil outside the root is hypotonic to the root cell to water enters via osmosis
what type of transport do roots use to take in mineral ions?
active transport
How does water move up the xylem?
A constant movement of water creates root pressure which forces water up into the xylem (turgor pressure).
What is cohesion?
attraction of water molecules to other water molecules
what is adhesion?
attraction of water molecules to other substances
(ex. xylem walls)
Is water non-polar?
no
water is polar (has a positive and negative end)
How does the polarity of water help water flow up the xylem?
the polarity and adhesion of water stops it from falling back into the roots because of gravity
How does water move up the xylem?
- transpiration
as water evaporates from the surface of the leaves it creates a tension which pulls water up from the xylem (the force acts like a suction) - cohesion + adhesion
cohesion allows the water molecules to create a chain making a continuous column of water.
Adhesion helps counteract the effects of gravity - Capillary action
Xylem tubes are very narrow, since water molecules are attracted to the walls of the xylem the try to climb up it (like how water bends on the edges when in a glass) - root pressure
roots create a difference in osmotic pressure that causes water to move from the roots to the xylem
What is transpiration?
The evaporation of water from a plant
If water is always available…
water will always enter
The phloem transports…
sugar (glucose)
What are the two specialized phloem cells?
Sieve tubes which are connected to make a long chain (which is the phloem)
companion cells
both are specialized to carry sap
what is the purpose of sieve plates?
makes sap (glucose) harder to flow down, slows it down
What part of the plant produces glucose?
the leaves
in the palisade cells + spongey mesophyll cells
