Gas, Sugar, and Water Transport in Plant Cells

Question 1

Gases diffuse through the ______

Answer 1

Spongey mesophyll

Question 2

Water moves towards ______

Answer 2

solutes

Question 3

The stomata increases a flow of ___________ but also increases a loss of _________

Answer 3

CO2 + Water

Question 4

More photosynthesis occurs when the stomata is (open or closed)

Answer 4

open

because of an increase flow of CO2

Question 5

What does turgor pressure mean?

Answer 5

High water pressure

the force within the cell that pushes the plasma membrane against the cell wall

Question 6

What are lenticles?

Answer 6

Lens shaped openings in the stem + roots of plants that allow gas flow

Question 7

Water and sugar transport uses which system?

Answer 7

the plant vasular system

Question 8

name 3 main qualities about the vascular system

Answer 8

• made of interconnected tubes
• extends throughout the plant
• made of the xylem and phloem

Question 9

The xylem is made up of long tubes called…

Answer 9

vesicles

Question 10

What is the benefit of microvilli root hairs

Answer 10

increases the surface area making osmosis more efficient

Question 11

How do roots absorb water?

Answer 11

the soil outside the root is hypotonic to the root cell to water enters via osmosis

Question 12

what type of transport do roots use to take in mineral ions?

Answer 12

active transport

Question 13

How does water move up the xylem?

Answer 13

A constant movement of water creates root pressure which forces water up into the xylem (turgor pressure).

Question 14

What is cohesion?

Answer 14

attraction of water molecules to other water molecules

Question 15

what is adhesion?

Answer 15

attraction of water molecules to other substances
(ex. xylem walls)

Question 16

Is water non-polar?

Answer 16

no

water is polar (has a positive and negative end)

Question 17

How does the polarity of water help water flow up the xylem?

Answer 17

the polarity and adhesion of water stops it from falling back into the roots because of gravity

Question 18

How does water move up the xylem?

Answer 18

1. transpiration
   as water evaporates from the surface of the leaves it creates a tension which pulls water up from the xylem (the force acts like a suction)
2. cohesion + adhesion
   cohesion allows the water molecules to create a chain making a continuous column of water.
   Adhesion helps counteract the effects of gravity
3. Capillary action
   Xylem tubes are very narrow, since water molecules are attracted to the walls of the xylem the try to climb up it (like how water bends on the edges when in a glass)
4. root pressure
   roots create a difference in osmotic pressure that causes water to move from the roots to the xylem

Question 19

What is transpiration?

Answer 19

The evaporation of water from a plant

Question 20

If water is always available…

Answer 20

water will always enter

Question 21

The phloem transports…

Answer 21

sugar (glucose)

Question 22

What are the two specialized phloem cells?

Answer 22

Sieve tubes which are connected to make a long chain (which is the phloem)

companion cells

both are specialized to carry sap

Question 23

what is the purpose of sieve plates?

Answer 23

makes sap (glucose) harder to flow down, slows it down

Question 24

What part of the plant produces glucose?

Answer 24

the leaves

in the palisade cells + spongey mesophyll cells

Question 25

Source

Answer 25

photo-synthetically active parts of a plant

Question 26

Sink

Answer 26

roots or tubes where sugars synthesized by photosynthesis are stored (in the form of carbohydrates)