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Science - Biology > Cell Membrane > Flashcards

Cell Membrane Flashcards

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1
Q

Cells are a open system, they…

A

Exchange energy with surroundings

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2
Q

The cell membrane separates the ______ from the ________ (inside and outside)

A

Intracelular

Extracellular

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3
Q

What does semi-permeable mean

A

The membrane selectively allows materials to cross

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4
Q

The membrane is made up of…

A
  • a phospholipid bilayer (a double lined layer made of phosphates)
  • proteins which are suspended into the bilayer
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5
Q

What does the cell membrane do?

A

Prevents substances from entering the cell
- most organelles have a membrane

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6
Q

What is the purpose of proteins on the cell membrane?

A

Can move large substances that cant diffuse in and out of the cell

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7
Q

The inside of the cell membrane is hydro______

A

Hydrophobic

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8
Q

The outside of the cell membrane is hydro
______

A

Hydrophilic

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9
Q

The most common cell membrane model (which will probably be used on the test) is the….

A

Fluid mosaic model

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10
Q

Peripheral membrane proteins:

A

Span the surface for cellular recognition

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11
Q

Integral membrane proteins:

A

Act as channels to enter and exit the cell membrane

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12
Q

——-

A

Cell membranes are always moving and changing

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13
Q

What are the three functions of the cell membrane

A
  1. Barrier - keeps out wastes and toxins
  2. Organization - surrounds packages in vesicles to move and transport
  3. Selective filter - only allows certain substances in or out
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14
Q

What are the three types of cell membrane transport?

A
  1. Passive transport
  2. Facilitated diffusion
  3. Active transport
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15
Q

Passive transportation is from ____ concentrations to _______ concentration

A

High to low

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16
Q

____ energy is required for passive transport

A

No energy is required

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17
Q

Passive transport is also known as….

A

Diffusion

18
Q

Facilitated diffusion is another form of…

A

Passive transport

19
Q

Facilitated diffusion is for…

A

For molecules too large for diffusion (i.e glucose)

Substances that are not soluble in lipids

20
Q

How does facilitated diffusion work?

A

Carrier proteins bind to larger molecules and change their shape so it can diffuse through

Channel proteins, which are in between the membrane, provide water filled pores for charges ions to pass through

Uses concentration gradients

21
Q

Active transport is from _____ concentration to ______ concentration

A

Low to high

22
Q

Active transport requires…

A

Carrier proteins and ATP

23
Q

What is a concentration gradient?

A

When different concentrations of dissolved particles exist across a cell membrane

24
Q

Qualities of concentration gradients (5)

A
  • drives diffusion and osmosis
  • must involve different concentrations
  • may be separated by a cell membrane
  • involves molecules or ions of a single type
  • molecules or ions move along the gradient separately of each other
25
Q

Brownian motion:

A

Matter is made up of particles in constant motion

26
Q

(In relation to particles)

S
P
A
M

A

Space - space in between particles

Particles - all matter is made up of particles

Attraction - are attracted to one another

Movement - always moving

27
Q

The greater the _______ in concentration, the ______ particles move

A

Greater

Faster

28
Q

Equilibrium is reached faster is the gradient concentration is….

A

Larger

29
Q

In endocytosis and exocytosis, the cell membrane is used to…

A

The cell membrane is used to create vesicles to bring in particles (endocytosis) or release them (exocytosis)

30
Q

Endocytosis and exocytosis is used for…

A

Substances to large for passive or active transport

31
Q

What are the two types of endocytosis?

A
  1. Phagocytosis
  2. Pinocytosis
32
Q

What is phagocytosis?

A

Cells eating (solids)

33
Q

What is Pinocytosis?

A

Cells drinking (liquids)

34
Q

How does endocytosis and exocytosis work?

A

The cell membrane forms a vesicle around the substance, once the vesicle touches the cell membrane, the vesicle merges with the membrane and the substance gets released.

35
Q

Diffusion over a large distance is inefficient because….

A

It cannot be diffused to the center fast enough, by the time it reaches the center there is nothing to provide. This creates dead zones, killing the cell.

36
Q

The surface area of a cell is the…

A

Cell transport ability (because there is a larger membrane)

37
Q

The volume of a cell is the….

A

Transport required (because there are more organelles using up transport)

38
Q

In order to have a efficient cell the SA:VOL ratio has to be…

A

Large

You want more SA than VOL

39
Q

The SA increases (more rapidly/less rapidly) than the volume

A

Less rapidly

40
Q

Small needs =

A

Small ability

41
Q

Shapes that increase a cells SA (4)

A

Unfolding of membrane

Flat shape

Plant root hair cells

Microvilli

Science - Biology (8 decks)

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